BACKGROUND Prenatal alcohol exposure is associated with learning, behavioral, and academic problems even in children without the fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). OBJECTIVE To examine the prenatal alcohol exposure and ability, academic achievement, and school functioning in adolescence. METHODS In a longitudinal cohort, intelligence, academic performance, and school functioning were evaluated i...

A number of studies have investigated the relationship between psychological disturbance and neuropsychological (NP) test performance. The current study is a replication and extension of who found that MMPI-2 indices of psychological disturbance are related to performance on NP tests of attention and memory in psychiatric and head-injured patients. In a large sample (N=381) referred for evaluat...

OBJECTIVE The authors examined the relationship between premorbid adjustment in schizophrenia and event-related potential data and neuropsychological data obtained after onset of the illness. METHOD They interviewed 13 male veterans with chronic schizophrenia, 12 normal comparison subjects, and their first-degree relatives and also obtained objective data from the patients' school records and...

The authors present some ideas on developing a validity statement based on a Turing test { like methodology with a set of test cases. The (anonymous) solutions of these test cases will be rated by a panel of expert validators. The methodology is called the Turing test, because a random process of distributing the test case with solutions to the diierent validators ensures that no validator know...

Intelligent e-learning environments (ILE) can significantly increase the attractivity of e-learning systems, as well as their teaching efficiency by adapting to each learner’s profile (LP) and by providing multiple support to the tutor. The paper presents the authoring of tests for learner evaluation in an ILE, using the collaborative learning methodological approach.

The heterogeneity of schizophrenia remains an obstacle for understanding its pathophysiology. Studies using a tone discrimination screening test to classify patients have found evidence for 2 subgroups having either a specific deficit in verbal working memory (WM) or deficits in both verbal and nonverbal memory. This study aimed to (a) replicate in larger samples differences between these subgr...

Aging attenuates the capacity to adaptively and flexibly use episodic memory at different levels of specificity. Older and younger adults were tested on a picture recognition task that required them to make episodic memory decisions at an item-specific (verbatim) versus category-based (gist-based) level on randomly intermixed trials. Specificity modulation was assessed using a measure of the li...

WAIS-R Verbal-Performance IQ difference scores for Ward's (1990) seven subtest short form and the complete WAIS-R were examined in patients with lateralized and diffuse lesions. For both versions, the expected Performance > Verbal pattern was observed in the right hemisphere lesion group, while no summary score differences were seen in the left hemisphere group. Verbal-Performance IQ discrepanc...

OBJECTIVE Brain regions responsible for cognitive dysfunction in MS and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) are not known. Our aim of this study was to investigate whether cognitive function and brain volume differed between MS and NMOSD in Japanese patients. METHODS Brain MRI and neuropsychological tests including the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-III (WAIS-III), Wechsler Memo...