Microphysics parameterization plays an important role in Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP). Most NWP models, including the Weather Research Forecast (WRF) model, use single-moment (bulk water) schemes derived based on an assumption of the exponential distribution with a fixed intercept parameter for raindrop size distributions (DSDs) such as the Marshall-Palmer (M-P) DSD model (Marshall and Pa...

Yang Zhang, Xin Zhang, Kai Wang, Jian He, L. Ruby Leung, Jiwen Fan, and Athanasios 3 Nenes 5 4 5 Department of Marine, Earth, and Atmospheric Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 6 USA. 7 Collaborative Innovation Center for Regional Environmental Quality, Beijing 100084, China} 8 Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA. 9 School of Earth a...

Powerful software tools are used by the aerospace and power generation communities to check codes for errors. The Software Validation Project at Edge Hill University (http://www.edgehill.ac.uk) in collaboration with SimCon Ltd (http://www.simconglobal.com) has applied these tools to WRF, the most widely used program for modeling climate and weather. Preliminary results have been generated. Alth...

Control automation can reduce human workload by automating routine operations such as system reconfiguration and anomaly handling. Humans need assistance in interacting with these automated control agents. We have developed the Distributed Collaboration and Interaction (DCI) system, an environment in which humans and automated control agents work together. Within this environment, we provide pe...

This study presents new knowledge of the environmental sensitivity of a dynamic mode of atypical wildland fire spread on steep lee-facing slopes. This is achieved through a series of idealized numerical simulations performed with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) and WRF-Fire coupled atmosphere-fire models. The sensitivity of the atypical lateral fire spread across lee slopes is tested...

Rice straw (Rs) was treated by a sodium chlorite/acetic acid mixture (Sct), ammoniation (At) and alkaline hydrogen peroxide (Athp) methods. The objective was to compare their degradation and fermentation products in the presence or suppression of anaerobic fungi. Significant differences (P < 0.01) in degradation of straws were observed during all periods of incubation with Sct having the highes...

Numerical models such as the Mesoscale Model 5 (MM5) or the Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF) are used by meteorologists in the prediction and the study of hurricanes. The outputs from such models vary greatly depending on the model, the initialization conditions, the simulation resolution and the computational resources available. The overwhelming amount of data that is generated ca...

The Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation threedimensional variational data assimilation (DA) system coupled with the Weather Research and Forecasting/Chemistry (WRF/Chem) model was utilized to improve aerosol forecasts and study aerosol direct and semi-direct radiative feedbacks during a US wild fire event. Assimilation of MODIS total 550 nm aerosol optical depth (AOD) retrievals clearly improve...