assistance and Eric Reinhardt for access to a database of GATT and WTO disputes.

AGRICULTURE, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, AND THE WTO MILLENNIUM ROUND

I this paper I argue that certain of the “new issues” in global trade negotiations belong there quite naturally. I label these conformable issues “marketsupportive regulation.” I believe that wise incorporation of market-supportive regulation into the World Trade Organization (WTO) is the key to generating a new wave of “gains from trade”—and to widely disseminating those gains within and among...

Top Chinese leaders regard the WTO accession as the second most important change in China’s economic policy regime, following Deng Xiaoping’s reform and opening-door policy in the late 1970s. This change will have undoubtedly profound impacts on the future course of China’s economic development. There are many discussions among academic and policy circles in China regarding the possible impacts...

The creation of the Appellate Body (AB) of the WTO entails an unprecedented delegation of power to an international adjudicator, since the WTO requires states to ensure compliance of their domestic regulations with the sweeping obligations in WTO agreements. This is legitimized in some academic analysis and much political rhetoric in terms of the rule of law, suggesting that the role of the adj...

The effect of courts arises through process and precedent. First, the process of selecting cases to escalate in the legal venue reveals information about the preferences of defendant and complainant. A third party arbitrator and multilateral membership adds international obligation and reputation as new leverage for compliance. Second, a formal dispute mechanism may have broader impact if the a...

BACKGROUND Trade liberalization is promoted by the World Trade Organization (WTO) through a complex architecture of binding trade agreements. This type of trade, however, has the potential to modify the upstream and proximate determinants of tuberculosis (TB) infection. We aimed to analyse the association between trade liberalization and TB incidence in 22 high-burden TB countries between 1990 ...