This paper critically analyses the methodologies that can be adopted to value ecosystem services (ESs) at urban level through a literature review. While on ES valuation has grown in recent years, its application contexts is still limited. Twenty-five papers, which include 29 different case studies, carry out an economic and have undergone in-depth analysis. The papers been selected of 80 detect...

Complex networks refer to large-scale graphs with nontrivial connection patterns. The salient and interesting features that the complex network study offer in comparison to graph theory are the emphasis on the dynamical properties of the networks and the ability of inherently uncovering pattern formation of the vertices. In this paper, we present a hybrid data classification technique combining...

Critical thinking is integral to education in the 21st century, especially among foreign students studying Indonesia. To measure criticality, this study uses Facione’s theory, which consists of six aspects: (1) interpretation, (2) analysis, (3) evaluation, (4) inference, (5) explanation, and (6) self-regulation. The data source research Sahabatku Indonesia C2 level books, comprised excerpts fro...