This paper proposes a new test of the Protection for Sale (PFS) model by Grossman and Helpman (1994). Unlike existing methods in the literature, our approach does not require any data on political organizations. We use quantile and quantile IV regressions to do so using the data from Gawande and Bandyopadhyay (2000). Surprisingly, the results do not provide any evidence favoring the PFS model. ...

هدف: هدف پژوهش حاضر بررسی ویژگی‌های روان سنجی مقیاس استرس آسیب‌زا کوید-19 بود که اثرات ویروس کرونا را بر جنبه‌های مختلف زندگی مردم ایران مورد قرار می‌دهد. روش:پژوهش توصیفی از نوع همبستگی بود. جامعۀ آماری شامل کلیۀ افرد بزرگسال شهر تهران در دامنۀ سنی 17 تا 72 سال 461 نفر طریق فراخوانی اینترنتی تحقیق شرکت کردند. برای تجزیه‌وتحلیل داده‌ها دو روی‌آورد کلاسیک و نظریۀ سؤال- پاسخ نرم­افزارهای Spss نسخ...

The consequences of free trade are investigated in an international duopoly under horizontal di¤erentiation and convex transportation costs. It is shown that the smaller country may bene...t from trade if it is su¢ciently small to allow for a signi...cant volume of exports by the domestic ...rm. On the contrary, the larger country never bene...ts from trade, since liberalization decreases the d...

Why would the US threaten punitive tariffs on luxury autos to implement a market share target in auto parts? We show that by making threats to a linked market, a market share target may be implemented with fairly weak informational and administrative requirements. Moreover, such policies can be both pro-competitive and advantageous to US firms. ( 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. ...

This paper considers the phenomenon of third party antidumping; that is, the ability of a firm to bring an AD case in a foreign country against third party dumpers. Recent experience in New Zealand is discussed and suggestions are offered as to why a country might wish to permit foreigners to demand that other foreigners increase prices in that country. D 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved....