ABSTRACT Introduction: Functional training values the athletes’ physical activity and integral exercise proper of practiced sport. Tennis frequently integrates this into regular training, aiming to enrich teaching. Objective: Compare effects functional in daily on tennis players’ strokes based performance. Methods: A research sample 18 young male players clubs were used. The volunteers randomly...

Background: Baseball is a team sport that has a total of nine main players and includes explosive, endurance, and strength movements that can cause multiple injuries over a season due to repetitive movements, long training, and competition. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the epidemiology of shoulder and elbow injuries in Iranian Premier League baseball players. Methods: 79...

In the present study, field goal shooting skills of female basketball players were assessed in the background to their reasoning ability. The sample consists of 100 female intercollegiate basketball players (age = 21.05±1.67 yrs.). Shooting skills reasoning ability were assessed by Johnson’s “Basketball Field Goal Speed Shooting Test” and Mixed Type Group Test of Intelligence prepared by Mehr...

ABSTRACT Introduction: Medicine Ball training has a long history as to strengthen the musculature of athletes, and tennis requires high explosive muscle strength in upper limbs its athletes. Objective: Explore whether medicine ball can significantly improve forearm players. Methods: 100 professional players with mean age 21 years were selected randomly divided between experimental control group...

BACKGROUND Patellar tendinopathy (PT) is one of the most common reasons for sport-induced pain of the knee. Low ankle dorsiflexion range might predispose for PT because of load-bearing compensation in the patellar tendon. PURPOSE The purpose of this 1-year prospective study was to analyze if a low ankle dorsiflexion range increases the risk of developing PT for basketball players. STUDY DES...

The Athletic Identity Measurement Scale (AIMS) is a popular measure of (AI). purpose the present study was to investigate factor structure (7-item single and 3 model; Social Identity, Exclusivity Negative Affectivity) AIMS within youth academy soccer players. A total 259 male players aged 12-18 years completed AIMS. series confirmatory analyses, independent cluster modelling indicated support f...

Game theory is the study of mathematical models and cooperation between intelligent rational decision-makers. This paper provides a flexible model to calculate pay-off matrix based on several importance factors. This model is adapted by cooperative game and developed for some competitive advantages sections in pharmaceutical industry. An optimum solution is derived by considering Nash equilibri...

OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of sports participation on cortical bone in the tibia. METHODS 53 female collegiate athletes (25 cross-country, 16 soccer, and 12 volleyball) and 20 inactive controls had the left distal 20% tibia scanned by pQCT. Cortical volumetric BMD (vBMD) was measured within the cortical shell at the anterior, posterior, medial, and latera...

This study evaluates the validity and reliability of the line-drill (LD) test of anaerobic performance in 76 male basketball players 14.0-16.0 years of age. The Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAnT) was used as the reference for anaerobic performance. Wingate Anaerobic Test and LD test were moderately correlated (0.39 and 0.43, p < 0.01). Estimated age at peak height velocity (APHV) was moderately, neg...