BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Vaptans (vasopressin V(2)-receptor antagonists) are a new approach for the treatment of hyponatremia. However, their indications remain to be determined, and their benefit compared with that of the usual treatments for the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) have not been evaluated. This prospective, long-term study compared the efficacy, t...

nitrogen (n) affects adversely the tobacco yield quantity and quality as it increases yield, chlorine and nicotine contents, but decrease potassium content. this experiment was aimed at optimization of (the balance between) n concentration in leaf, stem and root to increase both yield quantity and quality (high potassium, low chlorine and medium nicotine contents) using artificial neural networ...

experiments were carried out in a commercial orchard during 1994, 1995 and 1996 to determine the influence of chemical thinning on characterisics of fruit and alternate bearing of native olive (olea europea l) cvs. dezfoul and fishomi at early fruitlet stage. in 1994, branch sprays of naphthalene acetic acid (100, 150 and 200 mg/l), naphthalene acetamide (200 and 300 mg/l) and urea (0.6 and 1.2...

Several methods have been reported for the syn­ thesis of isocyanates, most of them involving the use of phosgene: e.g. phosgene and primary amines [1] either in basic [2] or in acidic medium [1]; phosgene and diaryl urea [1]; phosgene and l-alkyl-3-arylsulphonyl urea [3]; or phosgene and sulfinyl amines [4], Isocyanates were further synthesized from olefins or alkyl halides by the use of isocy...

The essentially planar pyrazole ring (r.m.s. deviation = 0.013 Å) in the title hemisolvate, C(31)H(33)N(7)S·0.5C(3)H(7)NO, is almost coplanar with the pendant thio-urea residue [N-N-C-S torsion angle = -173.2 (4)°] and slightly twisted with respect to the triazole ring [dihedral angle = 7.7 (3)°]. An intra-molecular thio-urea-pyrazole N-H⋯N hydrogen bond, via an S(5) loop, is formed. Supra-mole...

Helicobacter pylori can produce a persistent infection in the human stomach, where chronic and active inflammation, including the infiltration of phagocytes such as neutrophils and monocytes, is induced. H. pylori may have a defense system against the antimicrobial actions of phagocytes. We studied the defense mechanism of H. pylori against host-derived peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)), a bactericidal m...

For many years, urea was considered an end product of amino acid metabolism in mammals. With the advent of isotopic techniques (l-3), it was realized that further catabolism of urea occurred, probably due to bacterial action in the gut. Dintzis and Hastings (4) found that by feeding a mixture of various antibiotics to mice, the breakdown of urea to carbon dioxide and ammonia was almost complete...