Insulin immunization in animal models induces T-helper (Th) 2-like antibody subclass responses to insulin and other beta-cell antigens. The aim of this study was to determine whether exposure to insulin in humans resulted in a similar subclass bias of the humoral immune response. Levels of IgG subclass antibodies to insulin (IAs), GAD, and IA-2 were measured before and after treatment with insu...

Objective(s):Multi-epitopic protein vaccines and direction of vaccine delivery to dendritic cells (DCs) are promising approaches for enhancing immune responses against mutable pathogens. Escherichia coli is current host for expression of recombinant proteins, and it is important to optimize expression condition. The aim of this study was the optimization of multi-epitopic HIV-1 tat/pol/gag/env ...

Background: Isfahan is one of the major foci of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Iran. According to the epidemiological studies, both urban and rural forms have been reported in Isfahan. Accurate identification and characterization of Leishmania is essential for the control of the disease. Several different molecular techniques for Leishmania identification are developed including use of monoclonal a...

Background : Production of monoclonal antibodies to Leishmania antigens assists the identification and characterization of these organisms. Objective: Production of monoclonal antibodies against epitopes on the gp63. Methods: Two murine monoclonal antibodies to gp63 were produced and characterized. The reactions of both antibodies with soluble leishmanial antigens, purified gp63 and truncated r...

LEVEL: INTERMEDIATE T he efficacy of recombinant antibodies (rMAbs) results from their specificity for target antigens and the biological activities (effector functions) activated by the immune complexes formed. Numerous parameters influence the effector function profile (including antibody class, IgG subclass, and glycoform), and their definition offers opportunities for optimizing a recombina...

Background and Study Aim: Recently, immunohistochemistry has shown numerous IgG4-positive plasma cells in a subset of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT), and this type of HT (IgG4 HT) appears to be a subtype of IgG4-related sclerosing disease. However, little is known about the distribution pattern of plasma cells in IgG4 thyroiditis. To clarify the distribution pattern of IgG4-positive plasma cells,...

Cryo-EM reveals the molecular basis of SARS-CoV-2 cross-neutralization by monoclonal antibody 47D11.

Objective To evaluate the relationship between clinical improvement in Myasthenia Gravis-Activities of Daily Living (MG-ADL) scores and pharmacodynamic effects IgG autoantibody lowering induced by nipocalimab Vivacity MG Phase 2 study. Background Nipocalimab is a fully human, aglycosylated, effectorless IgG1 anti-FcRn monoclonal antibody that targets neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) with high affini...

Several CD4 mAbs have entered the clinic for the treatment of autoimmune diseases or transplant rejection. Most of these mAbs caused CD4 cell depletion, and some were murine mAbs which were further hampered by human anti-mouse Ab responses. To obviate these concerns, a primatized CD4 mAb, clenoliximab, was generated by fusing the V domains of a cynomolgus macaque mAb to human constant regions. ...