The subject of this paper is the story of an ancient medical instrument. This instrument is a wooden vaginal speculum used in classical and Islamic medicine. Its drawings can be found in Abulcasis al-Zahrawi's and Şerefeddin Sabuncuoğlu's illustrated books of surgery.

In this paper an coupled Burgers' equation is considered and then a method entitled interval finite-difference method is introduced to find the approximate interval solution of interval model in level wise cases. Finally for more illustration, the convergence theorem is confirmed and a numerical example is solved.

This document discusses the aspects of network design.First a brief introduction of network design will be given.Then various types of assignment techniques will be discussed including the mathematical formulation and numerical illustration of the important ones.Then the concept of bilevel programming and few examples will be presented.Finally one such example, namely the network capacity expan...

multi objective quadratic fractional programming (moqfp) problem involves optimization of several objective functions in the form of a ratio of numerator and denominator functions which involve both contains linear and quadratic forms with the assumption that the set of feasible solutions is a convex polyhedral with a nite number of extreme points and the denominator part of each of the object...

one of the important decisions which impacts all firms’ activities is the supplier selection problem. since the 1950s, several works have addressed this problem by treating different aspects and instances. in this paper, a combined multiple criteria decision making (mcdm) technique (ea-promethee) has been applied to implement a proper decision making. to this aim, after reviewing the theoretica...

The multiobjective two person matrix game problem with fuzzy payoffs is considered in this paper. It is assumed that fuzzy payoffs are triangular fuzzy numbers. The problem is converted to several multiobjective matrix game problems with interval payoffs by using the $alpha$-cuts of fuzzy payoffs. By solving these problems some $alpha$-Pareto optimal strategies with some interval outcomes are o...

abstract. in the case of process capability index several methods are identified. in this paper ,a new process capability index using fuzzy number and fuzzy probability concept, in order to remove the weakness of other famous method is suggested. after introduction of fuzzy index in univariate case, fuzzy multivariate process capability index is investigated. finally, this new method is compare...