We propose a model of history-dependent risk attitude (HDRA), allowing the attitude of a decision-maker (DM) towards risk at each stage of a T -stage lottery to evolve as a function of his history of disappointments and elations in prior stages. We establish an equivalence between the existence of an HDRA representation and two documented cognitive biases. First, the DM’s risk attitudes are rei...

OBJECTIVE To assess whether the attending of the communication skills workshops by the emergency department doctors improves patient satisfaction and reduces the number of complaints on doctors' attitude. METHOD Standard performas were sent to all emergency departments (EDs) in Hong Kong soliciting their numbers of written complaints on doctors' attitude or communication problems during the n...

Background and Aim: Evaluation of the treatment outcome is an important stage in every healthcare system, including orthodontics. This study aimed to assess the atti-tude and practice regarding treatment outcome assessment (TOA) among Iranian orthodontists. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional survey, a questionnaire was developed, which consisted of demographic, attitude, and practi...

objective: the present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of metacognitive therapy (mct) and cognitive-behavior therapy (cbt) in treating iranian patients with major depressive disorder (mdd). methods: thirty three outpatients meeting dsm-iv-tr criteria for mdd without any other axis i and ii disorders were randomly assigned to one of three treatment conditions, i.e. mct, cbt and pharmaco...

Numerous case reports support the assertion that secondary infection around prosthetic joints can occur after dental disease or manipulation, or both, but the need for prophylactic antibiotics remains controversial. In the United States prophylaxis is recommended, whereas in Britain individuals adopt their own policy. We surveyed orthopaedic surgeons and dental and general practitioners to dete...

BACKGROUND Domestic violence (DV) is a serious problem all over the world which had been extended to boundaries of countries, economical, cultural and racial classes. 10-69 percent of women are exposed to physical, sexual and emotional violence which has numerous physical and emotional consequences. Therefore, males' attitude towards women is one of the strongest predicting factors of violence ...

Leprosy as a social disease has been a major public health problem because of the social stigma and ignorance attached to it. This has made it difficult for our health care delivery system in their pursuit for early diagnosis and prompt treatment. This study was done with the objective of assessing the present knowledge, attitude and practice of leprosy affected persons and their family members...

We sought to advance understanding of the processes underlying the efficacy of exposure therapy and particularly the phenomenon of return of fear (ROF) following treatment by drawing on a social psychological view of phobias as attitudes. Specifically, a dual process theory of attitude-related behavior predicts that a positive response to exposure therapy may reflect change in either the automa...

The way that incidental affect impacts attitude change brought about by controlled processes has so far been examined when the incidental affective state is generated after dissonance state induction. We therefore investigated attitude change when the incidental mood occurs prior to dissonance state induction. We expected a negative mood to induce systematic processing, and a positive mood to i...