The import of proteins into peroxisomes possesses many unusual features such as the ability to import folded proteins, and a surprising diversity of targeting signals with differing affinities that can be recognized by the same receptor. As understanding of the structure and function of many components of the protein import machinery has grown, an increasingly complex network of factors affecti...

Leucoplasts are important organelles for the synthesis and storage of starch, lipids and proteins. However, molecular mechanism of protein import into leucoplasts and how it differs from that of import into chloroplasts remain unknown. We used pea seedlings for both chloroplast and leucoplast isolations to compare within the same species. We further optimized the isolation and import conditions...

With the development of economy and technology in China, consumers' demand for tobacco products is rising, import export trade volume substitutes gradually increasing. The occupies an important position agricultural trade. This paper collects data at home abroad by searching United Nations Commodity Trade Statistics Database, National Bureau database statistical yearbook, analyzes competitivene...

This study is the first scientific attempt to calculate size of informal economy in agriculture. The Multiple indicators multiple causes model (MIMIC) was developed for estimation levels 15 “Old” European Union Member States’ agricultural sectors period 1996-2019. obtained results document prevalence higher agriculture compared overall economy. impact subsidies and farm organizations on develop...

The nuclear protein regulator of chromosome condensation 1 (RCC1) stimulates guanine nucleotide exchange on a protein, Ran, that is required for nuclear protein import. In the present report, we confirm that RCC1 is also required for nuclear protein import in tsBN2 hamster cells in vivo. The thermolability of nuclear protein import in tsBN2 cells was suppressed by microinjection of purified Ran...

Mitochondrial protein import is thought to involve the sequential interaction of preproteins with binding sites on cis and trans sides of the membranes. For translocation across the outer membrane, preproteins first interact with the cytosolic domains of import receptors (cis) and then are translocated through a general import pore, in a process proposed to involve binding to a trans site on th...

The NH2 terminus of the yeast F1-ATPase beta subunit precursor directs the import of this protein into mitochondria. To define the functionally important components of this import signal, oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis was used to introduce a series of deletion and missense mutations into the gene encoding the F1-beta subunit precursor. Among these mutations were three nonoverlapping dele...

Using streptolysin-O (SLO) we have developed a permeabilized cell system retaining the competence to import proteins into peroxisomes. We used luciferase and albumin conjugated with a peptide ending in the peroxisomal targeting sequence, SKL, to monitor the import of proteins into peroxisomes. After incubation with SLO-permeabilized cells, these exogenous proteins accumulated within catalase-co...