The earth's surface, due to its natural conditions and its structure is always changing and reshaping. One of the created deformations is the land subsidence. This is the most dangerous events which can be seen in most urban areas especially in the agricultural plains today. This study aims at zoning land subsidence and recognition of geometrical factors in southwest of Tehran. To estimate and ...

Amid expectations for a European ‘transition to sustainable agriculture’, there are competing transitional processes. Given the widely acknowledged harm from agro-industrial systems, unsustainable agriculture has divergent diagnoses and innovative solutions. In the EU policy context of a Knowledge-Based Bio-Economy (KBBE), there are also divergent accounts of its key terms: biological resources...

The primary aim of this paper is pedagogical. We first present and discuss a “wiring diagram” framework in order to elucidate the general links between economic growth and "natural capital." After developing the general framework, we develop parallel frameworks applicable to several specific sectors of the economy (agriculture, forestry, and manufacturing). Two appendices provide a mathematical...

peri-urban area development process decreases agricultural land use because of significant trend of city sprawl. in the agricultural sector, goals for sustainability generally include maintenance or enhancement of the natural environment, meeting of human needs for food, economic viability, and social welfare. as agriculture has enormous environmental impacts on peri-urban regions, it is necess...

despite the passage of seven decades from the field of adult education activities, and establishment of several formal vs. informal organizations, not only a comprehensive philosophy for adult education has not been developed, but also a significant effort to introduce the philosophy of education as regards adult education is lacking. the aim followed in the present study was to seek the attitu...