introduction: activation of n-methyl-d-aspartate (nmda) glutamate receptors in the nucleus accumbens is a component of drug-induced reward mechanism. in addition, nmda receptors play a major role in brain reward system and activation of these receptors can change firing pattern of dopamine neurons. blockade of glutamatergic neurotransmission reduces the expression of conditioned place preferenc...

OBJECTIVES Work stress is an emergent risk in occupational health in China, and its measurement is still a critical issue. The aim of this study was to examine the reliability and validity of a short version of the effort-reward imbalance (ERI) questionnaire in a sample of Chinese workers. METHODS A community-based survey was conducted in 1,916 subjects aged 30-65 years with paid employment (...

The minimal control principle (Taatgen, 2007) predicts that people strive for problemsolving strategies that require as few internal control states as possible. In an experiment with the Abstract Decision Making task (ADM task; Joslyn & Hunt, 1998) the reward structure was manipulated to make either a low-control strategy or a high-strategy more feasible. The results show that most participants...

Attention causes diverse changes to visual neuron responses, including alterations in receptive field structure, and firing rates. A common theoretical approach to investigate why sensory neurons behave as they do is based on the efficient coding hypothesis: that sensory processing is optimized toward the statistics of the received input. We extend this approach to account for the influence of ...

Recent studies in sleep and dreaming have described an activation of emotional and reward systems, as well as the processing of internal information during these states. Specifically, increased activity in the amygdala and across mesolimbic dopaminergic regions during REM sleep is likely to promote the consolidation of memory traces with high emotional/motivational value. Moreover, coordinated ...

The phasic firing of dopamine neurons has been theorized to encode a reward-prediction error as formalized by the temporal-difference (TD) algorithm in reinforcement learning. Most TD models of dopamine have assumed a stimulus representation, known as the complete serial compound, in which each moment in a trial is distinctly represented. We introduce a more realistic temporal stimulus represen...

This paper outlines the design of a model amalgamating computational visual attention and emotion approaches for the purposes of driving expressive attentive and emotional behaviour in an embodied, situated real-time virtual infant. The themes of emotion and attention underlie all aspects of our model: from perception, to memory, internal state and behaviour expressivity. The model is focused o...

Objective: Borderline personality disorder is one of the most severe psychiatric disorders. The purpose of this study was to predict distress tolerance, impulsivity and aggression based on emotional dysregulation and reward sensitivity among individuals with borderline personality disorder features. Methods: The statistical population of the present research was undergraduate students of Shahi...