Hepatitis B is preventable and hepatitis C is treatable even if still at a high cost; most people who are infected with hepatitis B or C virus have not been screened yet and are unaware of their infections; and most countries, especially developing countries, do not have a national plan to prevent and control viral hepatitis. The advent of effective new treatments for hepatitis C has been an ag...

The annual worldwide burden of the preventable disease cervical cancer is more than 530,000 new cases and 275,000 deaths, with the majority occurring in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), where cervical cancer screening and early treatment are uncommon. Widely used in high-income countries, Pap smear (cytology based) screening is expensive and challenging for implementation in LMICs, wher...

The global burden of communicable diseases (CD) and non-communicable diseases (NCD) in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) likely stems from a common substratum of societal and system inadequacies. In order to appropriately control these conditions and to manage the determinants and deterrents of both CDs and NCDs related deaths and disabilities, joint strategies aimed at both systemic and ...

Randomized trials for selective and indicated prevention of depression in both mixed-aged and older adult samples, conducted in high-income countries (HICs), show that rates of incident depression can be reduced by 20-25% over 1-2 years through the use of psychoeducational and psychological interventions designed to increase protective factors. Recurrence of major depression can also be substan...

p c f f [ p 2 c In recent years, the amount of information available on the ealth status of children and—to a lesser extent—adolescents iving in lowand middle-income countries (LMICs) has been assively expanded. Population-based surveys, repeated evry 5 years or so, are now available for 100 LMICs, providing information on nutritional status, health-related behaviors, morbidity, and mortality [...

BACKGROUND Collaborations among researchers based in lower and middle income countries (LMICs) and high income countries (HICs) have made major discoveries related to diseases disproportionately affecting LMICs and have been vital to the development of research communities in LMICs. Such collaborations have generally been scientifically and structurally driven by HICs. OBJECTIVES In this repo...

Cervical cancer is ranked the first or second most common cancer in women of low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) in Asia. Cervical cancer is almost exclusively caused by human papillomavirus (HPV), and majority of the cases can be prevented with the use of HPV vaccines. The HPV vaccines have demonstrated high vaccine efficacies against HPV infection and cervical cancer precursors in clinic...

Background The gap between what is known and what is practiced results in patients not benefitting from advances in healthcare and unnecessary costs for clients and health systems. The Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services (PARIHS) framework posits (1) strong evidence, (2) context in terms of coping with change, and (3) facilitation as elements influencing successful im...

Background As middle-income countries become more affluent, economically sophisticated and productive, health expenditure patterns are likely to change. Other socio-demographic and political changes that accompany rapid economic growth are also likely to influence health spending and financial protection.   Methods This study investigates the relationship between growth on per-capita healthcare...

Impact of pertussis vaccines on mortality is a key World Health Organization indicator, and trends in mortality rates and age distribution can inform maternal immunization strategies. We systematically reviewed studies reporting pertussis mortality rates (PMRs) per million population, identifying 19 eligible studies. During a prevaccine observation period of ≥50 years in high-income countries (...