The exchange rate theories argue that the parity between two currencies is determined by various macro-economic factors prevailing across economies. It quite interesting to examine what happened currency rates in a period of inactivity for overall economies due COVID-19 outbreak. In this context study was carried out during turbulence empirically test whether foreign market India moves accordan...

in this research, the framework is presented for unsupervised change detection using multitemporal sar images based on integration clustering and level set methods. spatial correlation between pixels were considered by using contextual information. also as proposed method was used integration of gustafson-kessel clustering techniques (gkc) and level set methods for change detection. using clust...

In this study, the performance of the algorithms of whale, Differential evolutionary, crow search, and Gray Wolf optimization were evaluated to operate the Golestan Dam reservoir with the objective function of meeting downstream water needs. Also, after defining the objective function and its constraints, the convergence degree of the algorithms was compared with each other and with the absolut...

The element-free Galerkin method is employed for two-dimensional analysis of steady-state heat transfer. The unknown response of the system, i.e. temperature is approximated using the moving least squares technique. Numerical integration of governing simultaneous system of equations is performed by Gauss quadrature and new modified nodal integration techniques. Numerical examples and tests have...

This paper examines the impact of various trade policies for small developing states in the face of a changing world, including globalization, proliferation of regional integration agreements (RIAs), the changing relationship between ACP countries and the EU (the Cotonou Agreement), the erosion of ACP preferences in the EU market, the EBA, and the FTAA negotiations. The paper concludes that: i)...

AbstractThe main objective of this study is to measure the NPLS in Pakistan’s commercial bank. The macroeconomic factor Country GDP, corruption, unemployment, political instability and inflation it’s nettle level bank Pakistan. increasing interest rate, low economic growth money laundering they elaborate changing NPLS. high inflation, unemployment ratio, huge cases are faced by country.we worki...

An excessive increase in public debt characterizes the contemporary development of global economic and financial system. The paper aims to examine short- long-run impact state on growth Nigeria. model was estimated using an autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds testing method co-integration for investigation. At same time, contemporaneous dynamics were explored unrestricted error correct...

This study investigates the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on banking sector profitability in Uganda for period spanning Q1 2000 to 2021, using autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL Bound) testing approach co-integration while controlling bank specific and macroeconomic determinants profitability. Bank is proxied by return assets (ROA), equity (ROE), net interest margin (NIM). The finds that COVID ...