more than 80% of iran’s area has arid and semi arid climate. therefore, iran is exposed to desertification process. practical activities in controlling desertification must be based on current desertification situation and its severity. based on this theory, evaluating desertification rate indices in khezrabad region was done based on imdpa model. in this research two factors with 10 indices we...

Global mean surface temperatures have risen by 0.85 ± 0.20 °C, over the period 1880–2012, and projections of future climate change suggest further global warming (IPCC 2013). Warming of the global climate is expected to be accompanied by increase of global precipitation, as warmer air is able to hold more water vapour (Wentz et al. 2007). However, precipitation changes are expected to differ fr...

[1] Using the results obtained from a coupled ocean-atmosphere-land model with medium computational resolution, we investigated how the hydrology of the continents changes in response to the combined increases of greenhouse gases and sulfate aerosols in the atmosphere, which are determined based upon the IS92a scenario. In order to extract the forced response from natural, internal variability,...

As of 2010, it is estimated that 10.5 million people live along the trans -national Rio Grande (RGV) with 83% of the population residing in Mexico and several of the fastest growing cities in the U.S. (SandovalSolis et al., 2013). Historically, agricultural irrigation has been the largest water consumer for each country accounting for 86% of total consumption (Sandoval-Solis et al., 2013). Urba...

Biological invasion is one of the most threatening factors for biodiversity conservation. Lacking information on alien species in certain regions of the world hampers a balanced understanding of invasion processes and efficient data exchange among stakeholders. Current knowledge gaps are in need of urgent concern. We therefore conducted a review on alien animals in Xinjiang, an unknown region o...