heat and mass transfer, in this paper, is considered in one-row heat exchanger, that fins are hotter than air flow and water is added to fins. related governing equations are derived by analyzing a two-dimension model in a unique cell of a heat exchange. these equations are numerically solved by finite difference method. heat transfer and efficiency under partially wet surface are calculated by...

Background: Survey of pollution and evaluation of water quality in rivers with Oregon Water Quality Index (OWQI) and GIS are effective tools for management of the impact of environmental water resources. The information in calculating the WQI of Moradbeik river allowed us to take our tests results and make a scientific conclusion about the quality of water. GIS can be a powerful tool for develo...

Multiple nations and private entities are pushing to make landing humans on Mars a reality. The majority of proposed mission architectures envision ‘living off the land’ by leveraging Martian water-ice deposits for fuel production other purposes. Fortunately designers, water ice exists in plentiful volumes. challenge is isolating accessible within regions that optimize preferred landing-site co...

Water use is expected to increase and climate change scenarios indicate the need for more frequent water abstraction. Abstracting groundwater may have a detrimental effect on soil moisture availability for crop growth and yields. This work presents an elegant and robust method for identifying zones of crop vulnerability to abstraction. Archive groundwater level datasets were used to generate a ...

abstract one of the important economic problems in arid and semi-arid regions is insufficient water for agricultural purposes as it is evident for other purposes. accordingly, sustainable management of water resources becomes an important challenge for policymakers. this study investigated water use planning based on the fluctuation of rainfall and the random nature of water resources in firoza...

Nowadays, the water supply and water demand management are the main issues in water resources planning. It is more important in a river basin with a complex system facing with droughts, climate changes, inter-basin water transfer and operational and under study dams. In this paper, for water resources planning in a river basin and reducing the difference between water resources and water demand...

Drought as a natural but temporary imbalance of water availability is the interaction between natural environment and human life resulting in diminished water resources availability and reduced carrying capacity of the ecosystems. Drought indices are essential elements for an efficient drought monitoring system. These indices make the transforming information of climatic anomalies easier and al...