one of the complicated debates in international commercial arbitration law is the matter of judicial competence for examination of challenge over arbitral awards and annulment proceedings. in the first part of this essay, i have tried to clarify that judicial competence on annulment proceedings is limited to national or domestic arbitral awards and then, to give main criteria for determination ...

Desertification refers to land degradation phenomenon in arid, semi-arid and dry sub-humid areas, resulting from various factors including climate variation and human activities. For evaluation and mapping of desertification many research have been conducted leading to regional and local models. In this research, among different existing methods IMDPA‌ was selected and desertification intensity...

natural sites with spiritual values are parts of land or sea that play key role in conserving biodiversity and cultural identity. the aim of this study is prioritizing protected zones with spiritual values. in the first step for this survey, based on literature review and according to multi criteria assessment, convenient conservation criteria were compiled, then for each of criterion, indices ...