the present study investigated the use of l2 private speech by english foreign language (efl) learners in regulating their mental activities. thirty intermediate adult efl learners took a test of solving challenging english riddles while their voices were being recorded. following, instances of the produced private speech were analyzed in terms of form, content, and function. numerous instances...

Two empirical studies were conducted in which the differences in Japanese EFL learners’ look-up behavior between hand-held electronic dictionaries (EDs) and printed dictionaries (PDs) were investigated. We focus here on the relation between learners’ look-up frequency and degree of reading comprehension of the text. In the first study, a total of 34 college students were divided into two groups...

In this paper we report on our quantitative analysis of 25 logical connectors in advanced Japanese university students’ essay writing and compare it with the use in comparable types of native English writing. We also present a brief comparison of the Japanese learners’ usage with that of advanced French, Swedish or Chinese learners of English. As our research targets, we chose 25 logical connec...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the Iranian EFL learners’ beliefs on the role of RL in vocabulary learning, and how it could affect their achievement. One-hundred and three students majoring in English (Literature, Translation, and Teaching) at the Departments of Foreign Languages and Linguistics at Roudehen and the Western Branch of Islamic Azad University participated in this stu...

This study adds to the body of empirical knowledge regarding the use of music in the EFL classroom. This original investigation centered around the following question: Does listening repetition, song likeability, and/or song understandability influence learning environment perceptions, learning perceptions, and/or learning outcomes in Taiwanese EFL learners engaged in web-based music study? The...

The present study investigates the effects of multimedia annotation through the discourse scheme and summary writing through the grounding theory (Chang, 1997) on text comprehension. Specifically, the study focuses on examining the influences of multimedia annotation from a special perspective, namely, the use of modified discourse scheme to trigger EFL learners’ active reading process, rather ...

This study aimed at investigating the possibility of improving EFL learners’ self-efficacy by implementing a metacognitive strategies instruction program. The participants were 53 female EFL learners who were divided into two experimental and control groups. The experimental group received an eight-week treatment on metacognitive strategies through descriptions, modeling, and practice. At the b...

Foreign language (FL) knowledge has been shown to contribute significantly to FL reading performance. Studies have contrasted the contribution of FL vocabulary and syntactic knowledge, following a dichotomous view of these components, producing mixed results. Despite the increasingly recognized formulaic nature of language, the contribution made by phraseological knowledge to reading ability ha...

the significance of error analysis for the learner, the teacher and the researcher is now widely recognized. earlier studies of error analysis concentrated on intersystematic comparison of the “native language” and the “target language” and drew the required data largely from intuitions and impressionistic observations. this study was conducted on the basis of the following observations: (1) to...