Aflatoxins are highly carcinogenic mycotoxins frequently produced by Aspergillus flavus. Contamination of maize with aflatoxins imposes both economic and health burdens in many regions. Identification of the most important etiologic agents of contamination is complicated by mixed infections and varying aflatoxin-producing potential of fungal species and individuals. In order to know the potenti...

While soil application of a competitive non-toxigenic Aspergillus flavus strains is successful in reducing aflatoxin contamination in certain crops, direct application to aerial reproductive structures could be more effective for maize. A sprayable, clay-based water-dispersible granule formulation was developed to deliver non-toxigenic A. flavus strain K49 directly to maize ears. The efficacy o...

evaluating the quality and quantity of water resources is crucial for a sustainable development. one of the simplest methods that is able to indicate the conditions of water quality in a short period and at a low cost, compared with the physicochemical methods, is by using the biological water quality indices. identifying the contamination of water resources using biomarkers, especially indices...

By increasing the resistance of seeds against abiotic and biotic stress, possibility cereal mold contamination hence occurrence secondary metabolites mycotoxins decreases. The use biological methods seed treatment represents a complementary strategy, which can be implemented as an environmental-friendlier approach to increase agricultural sustainability. Whereas resistant cultivars helps reduce...

Environmental changes and heavy metal pollution are some of the consequences anthropogenic activities. Many ecosystems, including edaphic suffer from effects pollution. The accurate assessment soil contamination leads to better approaches for remediating soils. exploration different ways, biological methods, conduct environmental monitoring is still ongoing. Here, we focus on reviewing potentia...

We show that the Polonnaruwa stones that were collected on 29 December 2012 following a witnessed fireball, in which we found biological structures, do not possess properties that are consistent with fulgurites on the basis of X-ray diffraction studies, and other data. The existence of distinct diatom frustules fused into the rock matrix makes recent contamination unlikely.

Background and Aims: Adventitious agents, especially viral agents are among the most important concerns in viral vaccines. Viral contamination of biological products may arise from the original source of the reagents such as, serum, trypsin, animal or human derived media components or cell culture and working seed or cross contamination of vaccine during production. In this study, adventitious ...