Migration is the permanent movement of some people called migrant, from one place to another for some reasons and values. Their migration is determined by some values and goals that lead to changes in migrants’ interaction system. In human history the shape of migration was changed due to social and environmental changes. From the eve of 19 century migration became important social phenom...

foreign state immunity from jurisdiction of internal courts of another states as a customary rule of international law has been appeared in states’ practice and also in legislations passed by their parliaments (states like u.s.a, u.k, australia, canada, south africa, pakistan, etc.,). state immunity as a rule of international law has developed from its beginning (i.e. the schooner exchange case...

foreign state immunity from jurisdiction of internal courts of another states as a customary rule of international law has been appeared in states’ practice and also in legislations passed by their parliaments (states like u.s.a, u.k, australia, canada, south africa, pakistan, etc.,). state immunity as a rule of international law has developed from its beginning (i.e. the schooner exchange case...

in the french law, the properties of public entities and at the head of them, the properties of state are divided into public domain of public entities and private domain of public entities. the criterion of distinguishing of public properties of public entities is a procedural matter that has been taken from french doctrine, however the recent law of public entities ownership passed in 2006 ha...

Elite-biased democracies are those in which former political incumbents and their allies coordinate to impose part of the autocratic institutional rules new regime. We document that this type democratic transition is much more prevalent than emergence pure (popular) majority decides rules. then develop a theoretical model explaining how an elite-biased democracy may arise initially country. To ...

although england and the united states are both common law states and their legal systems follow the same rules, each has disregarded certain rules and changed them to suit specific circumstances. for instance, they have both disregarded the common law rule on the insertion of exemption conditions by carriers. regarding carrier’s liability towards passengers, the united states accepts the highe...

In the lecture 5 we have followed an axiomatic and a semantic approach to modal logic. But do these approaches fit together? We should not be using proof rules that make no sense semantically. Recall the axioms and proof rules we had so far Figure 1. The proof rules are sound iff they can only derive semantical consequences. Note that, unlike in the first lectures, this is an external soundness...