Contralateral turning was produced by unilateral injection of carbachol (0.5, 2.5, 5 micrograms) into the nucleus accumbens, but not into the dorsal or ventral striatum. This behaviour was inhibited by muscarinic M1 acetylcholine receptor blockade in the nucleus accumbens, and less effectively by blockade of muscarinic M2 and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Unilateral injection of a mixture ...

It has long been recognized that muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) are crucial for the control of cognitive processes, and drugs that activate mAChRs are helpful in ameliorating cognitive deficits of Alzheimer's disease (AD). On the other hand, GABAergic transmission in prefrontal cortex (PFC) plays a key role in "working memory" via controlling the timing of neuronal activity during ...

Fetal swallowing and renal metabolism contribute importantly to amniotic and body fluid homeostasis. To determine central cholinergic modulation of swallowing activity and renal excretion associated with neural activity, we examined the effects of intracerebroventricular injection of carbachol, a cholinergic agonist, in ovine fetuses at 0.9 gestation. Fetuses were chronically prepared with thyr...

Src family tyrosine kinases are signaling intermediates in a diverse array of cellular events including cell differentiation, motility, proliferation, and survival. In nonairway smooth muscle cells, muscarinic receptors directly interact with Src family tyrosine kinases. As little is known about the expression and signaling of these Src family tyrosine kinases in human airway smooth muscle cell...

The molecular mechanisms underlying the ability of muscarinic agonists to enhance the metabolism of inositol phospholipids were studied using rat parotid gland slices prelabelled with tracer quantities of [3H]inositol and then washed with 10 mM unlabelled inositol. Carbachol treatment caused rapid and marked increases in the levels of radioactive inositol 1-phosphate, inositol 1,4-bisphosphate,...

Somatostatin-containing cells have been shown to be in close anatomic proximity to gastrin-producing cells in rat antral mucosa. The present studies were directed to examine the effect of secretin on carbachol-stimulated gastrin release and to assess the potential role of somatostatin in mediating this effect. Rat antral mucosa was cultured at 37 degrees C in Krebs-Henseleit buffer, pH 7.4, gas...

In dispersed rat parotid gland acinar cells, the beta-adrenergic agonist (-)-isoproterenol, but not its stereoisomer (+)-isoproterenol, induced a transient 1.6-fold (at maximum stimulation, 2 x 10(-4) M) increase in cytosolic free calcium ([Ca2+]i) within 9 s, which returned to resting levels (approximately 190 nM) by 60 s. This [Ca2+]i response was not altered by chelating extracellular Ca2+ w...

In SK-N-SH human neuroblastoma cells, the muscarinic agonist carbachol promotes polyphosphoinositide (PPI) hydrolysis via M3 receptors and increases cyclic AMP levels through an unidentified mechanism. Activation of PPI hydrolysis by carbachol elicits a robust translocation of CaM from membranes into cytosol which was previously shown to be mimicked by the addition of the calcium ionophore iono...

BACKGROUND The subject of this study is determination of the influence of drugs on gastric fundus smooth muscle contraction induced by activation of muscarinic receptors M1. Experiments tested interactions between a receptor agonist, carbachol and muscarinic receptor antagonists, atropine and pirenzepine. MATERIAL/METHODS Testing was conducted on tissues isolated from rat's stomach. Male Wist...

SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells express muscarinic M3 receptors as well as insulin receptors, thus offering the opportunity to investigate possible cross-talk following activation of two distinct intracellular signal transduction pathways that convert the precursor phosphatidylinositol (PI) to its 3' phosphate or its 4' phosphate, respectively. In this study, the effect of carbachol on insuli...