We report a case of sirenomelia sequence observed in an incident of preterm labor during the 29th gestational week. According to some authors, this syndrome should be classified separately from caudal regression syndrome and is likely to be the result of an abnormality taking place during the fourth gestational week, causing developmental abnormalities in the lower extremities, pelvis, genitali...

dentin dysplasia is an exceptionally rare, autosomal-dominant, hereditary condition, primarily characterized by defective dentin formation affecting both the deciduous and permanent dentitions. the etiology remains imprecise to date, in spite of the numerous hypotheses put forward and the constant updates on this condition. this case report of type i dentin dysplasia exhibits radiographic fi nd...

developmental dysplasia of the hip (ddh) or congenital hip dysplasia (cdh) is the most prevalent developmental childhood hip disorder. it includes a wide spectrum of hip abnormalities ranging from dysplasia to subluxation and complete dislocation of the hip joint. the natural history of neglected ddh in adults is highly variable. the mean age of onset of symptoms is 34.5 years for dysplastic dd...

context lumbar central spinal stenosis is common and often results in chronic persistent pain and disability, which can lead to multiple interventions. after the failure of conservative treatment, either surgical or nonsurgical modalities such as epidural injections are contemplated in the management of lumbar spinal stenosis. evidence acquisition recent randomized trials, systematic reviews an...

objective: florid cemento-osseous dysplasia (fcod) is a rare bone lesion that predominantly involves the women’s jaws in middle age. this condition is usually asymptomatic and has a benign course.   case: this paper presents a rare case of fcod in a white middle aged woman, which had affected mandible bilaterally and was diagnosed after tooth extraction and treated conservatively.   we believed...

The caudal fastigial nucleus (FN) is known to be related to the control of eye movements and projects mainly to the contralateral reticular nuclei where excitatory and inhibitory burst neurons for saccades exist [the caudal portion of the nucleus reticularis pontis caudalis (NRPc), and the rostral portion of the nucleus reticularis gigantocellularis (NRG) respectively]. However, the exact retic...

Caudal anesthesia is the single most important pediatric regional anesthetic technique. The technique is relatively easy to learn (1), has a remarkable safety record (2), and can be used for a large variety of procedures. The technique has been reviewed in the English (3) and French (4) literature, as well as in German guidelines (5) and in pediatric anesthesia textbooks (6).

In this paper, we present two novel perspectives on the function of the left inferior frontal gyrus (LIFG). First, a structured sequence processing perspective facilitates the search for functional segregation within the LIFG and provides a way to express common aspects across cognitive domains including language, music and action. Converging evidence from functional magnetic resonance imaging ...

fibrous dysplasia (fd) is an osseous growth dis-order, producing immature bone and characte-rized by the replacement of normal bone with fibro-osseous connective tissue. it is a bone dys-plasia that has the potential to cause significant cosmetic and functional disturbances, particularly in the craniofacial skeleton. cra-niofacial fibrous dysplasia is one of the three types of polyostotic fibro...