Cell geometry has long been proposed to play a key role in the orientation of symmetric cell division planes. In particular, the recently proposed Besson-Dumais rule generalizes Errera's rule and predicts that cells divide along one of the local minima of plane area. However, this rule has been tested only on tissues with rather local spherical shape and homogeneous growth. Here, we tested the ...

‎in this work‎, ‎first the differential equation characterizing position vector‎ ‎of spacelike curve is obtained in lorentzian plane $mathbb{l}^{2}.$ then the‎ ‎special curves mentioned above are studied in lorentzian plane $mathbb{l}%‎‎^{2}.$ finally some characterizations of these special curves are given in‎ ‎$mathbb{l}^{2}.$‎

MRI images of pulmonary blood flow using arterial spin labeling (ASL) measure the delivery of magnetically tagged blood to an image plane during one systolic ejection period. However, the method potentially suffers from two problems, each of which may depend on the imaging plane location: 1) the inversion plane is thicker than the imaging plane, resulting in a gap that blood must cross to be de...

The flagellar beat plane of live and reactivated sea-urchin sperm held by their heads in the tip of a vibrating micropipette will rotate along with the plane of the imposed vibration for up to 10 revolutions in either a clockwise or a counterclockwise direction. Subsequent cessation of the imposed vibration is followed by spontaneous unwinding of the flagellar beat plane. Nearly complete unwind...

Unexpected changes in flexor-extensor muscle activation synergies during slope walking in the cat have been explained previously by 1) a reorganization of circuitry in the central pattern generator or 2) altered muscle and cutaneous afferent inputs to motoneurons that modulate their activity. The aim of this study was to quantify muscle length changes, muscle loads, and ground reaction forces d...

PURPOSE To compare MR anatomic and magnetoencephalographic (MEG) functional methods in locating the central sulcus. METHODS Eleven healthy subjects and five patients with focal cerebral lesions were studied. The central sulcus was located anatomically with MR by two independent observers using axial vertex and sagittal (midline and lateral) images. Locations via the MEG functional method were...

The pattern electroretinogram (PERG) was used to measure the visual acuity and refractive state of nine American kestrels (Falco sparverius). Visual acuity was determined from psychometric functions of PERG amplitude vs. spatial frequency. Refractive state was measured by finding the trial lens that resulted in the highest acuity. All nine kestrels were found to be emmetropic. Their median visu...

Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) we have evaluated the anatomical location of the motor hand area. The segment of the precentral gyrus that most often contained motor hand function was a knob-like structure, that is shaped like an omega or epsilon in the axial plane and like a hook in the sagittal plane. On the cortical surface of cadaver specimens this precentral knob corresp...

A secure method for steganography is proposed. Pixelvalue differencing (PVD) steganography and bit-plane complexity segmentation (BPCS) steganography have the weakness of generating blocky effects and noise in smooth areas and being detectable with steganalysis. To overcome these weaknesses, a secure bit-plane based steganography method on the spatial domain is presented, which uses a robust me...