Exchanges of insults are rare in the European Parliament (EP). The process self-rationalisation that presided over rise institution affects all interactions between parliamentarians – including civility their exchanges. Yet, as parliamentary institutions, insult remains possible because pluralism and publicity. Through analysis certain mediatised episodes, contribution highlights factors ...

Does incivility in political discourse have adverse effects on public regard for politics? If so, why? In this study we present a theory suggesting that when viewers are exposed to televised political disagreement, it often violates well-established face-to-face social norms for the polite expression of opposing views. As a result, incivility in public discourse adversely affects trust in gover...