AIM Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning can cause permanent damage in tissues that are sensitive to hypoxia. We explored the feasibility and efficacy of using a hyperoxygenated solution (HOS) to treat severe acute CO poisoning in an animal model. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to CO poisoning. The HOS was administered into the femoral vein of these rats through a catheter (10 ml/k...

Machado, Roberto F., James K. Stoller, Daniel Laskowski, Shuo Zheng, Joseph A. Lupica, Raed A. Dweik, and Serpil C. Erzurum. Low levels of nitric oxide and carbon monoxide in 1-antitrypsin deficiency. J Appl Physiol 93: 2038–2043, 2002. First published August 30, 2002; 10.1152/japplphysiol.00659.2002.—Quantitations of exhaled nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO) have been proposed as noni...

There has been renewed interest in evaluating the effect of biomass co-firing on the multi-pollutant control system such as Selective Non-catalytic Reduction (SNCR) and oxygen enrichment. Emissions savings have been attained by combining SNCR and biomasscoal co-combustion under various oxygen enriched staged air levels. Biomasses with higher tendency of generating CO produced better reduction i...

The present study investigates the ontogeny of cardio-respiratory physiology in Xenopus laevis where O2 transport is obstructed. Animals were raised from eggs (NF stage 1) to metamorphic climax (NF stage 63), while maintained either in air or in chronic 2 kPa CO, which functionally ablates O2 transport by hemoglobin (Hb). Whole-animal rate of oxygen consumption (.MO2), whole-body lactate concen...

Erythrocytic 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG), in response to carbon monoxide (CO) hypoxemia, was studied in 12 rabbits exposed to 250 ppm CO for 3 hours. Each animal served as its own control. Individual determinations of carboxyhemoglobin, arterial oxygen content, oxygen saturation, and 2,3-DPG were made before and immediately after exposures to both CO and normal air. After CO inhalation, th...

The adsorption of common gas molecules (N2, CO, CO2, H2O, NH3, NO, NO2, and O2) on germanene is studied with density functional theory. The results show that N2, CO, CO2, and H2O are physisorbed on germanene via van der Waals interactions, while NH3, NO, NO2, and O2 are chemisorbed on germanene via strong covalent (Ge-N or Ge-O) bonds. The chemisorption of gas molecules on germanene opens a ban...

Electron-stimulated desorption of F and Cl from submonolayer CF2Cl2-covered Ru(0001) is strongly affected by coadsorption of polar molecules (H2O and NH3) and nonpolar rare-gas atoms (Xe, Kr, and Ar). Giant anionic enhancements (up to 102-104) are observed for polar molecules, which are several orders of magnitude higher than by nonpolar atoms. The giant enhancements are attributed to enhanced ...

Acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS) catalyzes the first step of branched-chain amino acid biosynthesis, a pathway essential to the life-cycle of plants and micro-organisms. The catalytic subunit has thiamin diphosphate (ThDP) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) as indispensable co-factors. A new, high resolution, 2.0 Å crystal structure of Saccharomyces cerevisiae AHAS reveals that the dimer is ...