Different optical techniques were applied to describe the thermal and chemical processes that occur in a SI small engine from the ported fuel injection and in-cylinder mixture formation to the combustion process and the exhaust emission. In PFI SI engines, the atomized fuel is sprayed towards the intake valves, where it may evaporate, puddle or rebound. Furthermore, a portion of the fuel may fl...

Unsteady mixed convection heat transfer from a circular cylinder has been investigated in the presence of viscous dissipation. The isothermal horizontal cylinder is placed to the oncoming free stream whose direction is considered in the free convection flow (parallel flow) and opposite to it (contra flow). The system of dimensionless governing equations for unsteady, two-dimensional flow is red...

This paper reports work on the two and three-dimensional numerical simulation of dough mixing with free surfaces, that arises in the food processing industry. Free surface flow in a rotating cylinder is investigated when a fluid is mixed in a cylinder with a stirrer. Different dough mixer designs are investigated. The rotating stirrer may be placed either in a concentric or eccentric arrangemen...

Abstract Trapped-mode frequencies are computed for submerged, horizontal, circular cylinders in a two-layer fluid consisting of a finite layer bounded above by a free surface and below by a infinite layer of greater density. Two separate cases are considered. First we consider waves which propagate along the top of a single cylinder at frequencies below the cut-off for wave propagation away fro...

The current study addresses the features of entropy generation and thermal flows regarding magnetized hybrid nanofluid in presence a cylinder closed hexagonal domain. cavity comprises two heated horizontal walls, are insulated while other walls cold. whole system has been modeled as coupled non-linear partial differential equations. Also, normalized governing equation by utilizing proper pair v...

Exact solutions of the linear water-wave problem describing oblique waves over a submerged horizontal cylinder small (but otherwise fairly arbitrary) cross-section in two-layer fluid are constructed form convergent series powers parameter characterizing “thinness” cylinder. The terms these expressed through solution exterior Neumann for Laplace equation flow unbounded past obtained describe tra...

We report a possible occurrence of horizontal roll vortices over the Adriatic Sea during the bora wind. The National Center for Atmospheric Research Electra aircraft measured the turbulence structure above the Adriatic on 07 November 1999 during the Mesoscale Alpine Program. The data indicate that horizontal roll vortices are generated by the strong cold-air outbreak associated with bora. The r...

a horizontal position in order to prevent syncope, and his face bathed in cold water. If convulsions come on cold should be applied. If asphyxia is present flagellation, massage and artificial respiration are resorted to, and if the respiration depends upon the tetanic contraction of the respiratory muscles inhalations of chloroform are employed. For the intense pallor it is well to give inhala...

This article presents numerical analysis of mixed convection laminar flow of a second grade viscoelastic fluid due to cylinder of elliptic cross-section with prescribed surface heat flux. Dimensionless nonlinear analysis is computed employing Keller-box method. Skin friction coefficient and Nusselt number are emphasized specifically. These quantities are displayed graphically to examine their b...