J apanese banking problems have received substantial attention worldwide. Critics of Japanese policymakers have argued that problems at Japanese banks threaten the Japanese economic recovery. They also point out that because Japanese banks have been among the most active in expanding their presence beyond their domestic borders, they could play a major role in prolonging the financial problems ...

This study investigates the profit efficiency (PROFEFF) of small banks (those under $500 million in total assets) for 1990–96. Assuming that small banks and large banks use the same production technology, we find, consistent with Berger and Mester [J. Bank. Finance 21 (1997) 875], that small banks are more profit efficient than large banks. Small banks in non-metropolitan statistical areas (non...

For banks and financial institutions, credit risk had been an essential factor that needed to be managed well. Credit risk was the possibility that a borrower of counter party would fail to meet its obligations in accordance with agreed terms. Credit risk; therefore arise from the bank’s dealings with or lending to corporate, individuals, and other banks or financial institutions.  Credit risk...

In practical situations, distribution network loads are the mixtures of residential, industrial, and commercial types. This paper presents a hybrid optimization algorithm for the optimal placement of shunt capacitor banks in radial distribution networks in the presence of different voltage-dependent load models. The algorithm is based on the combination of Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Binary Part...