Because of electricity subsidies, electricity price in Iran is much lower than its real value, and the growth of electricity demand is much more than its rational rate, which in turn implies ever increasing investment in the electricity section by the Government. Therefore, the recent Government policies are based on elimination of electricity subsidies, followed by commissioning complete elect...

OBJECTIVES To investigate types of evidence used by healthcare commissioners when making decisions and whether decisions were influenced by commissioners' experience, personal characteristics or role at work. DESIGN Cross-sectional survey of 345 National Health Service (NHS) staff members. SETTING The study was conducted across 11 English Primary Care Trusts between 2010 and 2011. PARTICI...

Intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) poses a number of challenges for properly measuring commissioning data and quality assurance (QA) radiation dose distributions. This report provides a comprehensive overview of how dosimeters, phantoms, and dose distribution analysis techniques should be used to support the commissioning and quality assurance requirements of an IMRT program. The prop...

In recent years there have been marked changes in organisational structures and budgetary arrangements in the English NHS, potentially altering the relationships between purchasers (primary care organisations (PCOs) and general practices) and providers. Using data on elective hospital admissions from 1997/98 to 2002/03 we find that commissioning has become significantly more concentrated at PCO...

Objective: A process and system of treatment planning is very important in radiation therapy. The features of the software and the accuracy in the dose calculation and dose distribution will affect to the treatment quality as well as the patient outcome. When a treatment planning system is applied in treatment at the first time, it should be checked and approved all its system information, feat...

CORRESPONDENCE 548 However, I note that you adopted statements from Jimmy Carter and Larry King as definitive comment regarding Israel's culpability. You also use extreme leftist group opinion in Israel to support your argument. Your report is unbalanced and one-sided, totally lacking factual information on what took place on the ground, and has nothing to do with the practice of medicine. You ...

Health Secretary, threw the phrase " children's trusts " into the arena of public debate when he addressed a national social services conference in Cardiff on 16 October 2002. He said: " I intend to create specialist children's trusts to jointly plan, commission, finance, and, where it makes sense, deliver children's services. Children's trusts which commission services will be based in local c...

constituency of the NHS is currently the subject of widespread debate. Regular contributors include specialist dermatologists, primary care commissioners, practice-based commissioners, general practitioners (GPs) with a special interest (GPwSI) in dermatology and various patient groups (eg Skin Care Campaign, National Eczema Society, Psoriasis Association). Occasional contributions are made by ...

Surrogacy is not regulated by a single legal instrument only, nor is confirmation of a surrogacy agreement by the High Court an unqualified green light for the surrogacy process to proceed. In the context of the HIV status of the commissioning father, whose gametes are to be used for the conception of the child in pursuance of a surrogacy agreement, the intended in vitro fertilisation of the su...