Bulbar dysfunction resulting from corticobulbar pathway or brainstem neuron degeneration is one of the most important clinical problems encountered in motor neuron disease (MND) and contributes to various respiratory complications which are major causes of morbidity and mortality. Chronic malnutrition as a consequence of bulbar muscle weakness may have a considerable bearing on respiratory musc...

Much is unclear about the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying painful temporomandibular disorders. In addition to various other theories, masticatory muscle dysfunction and pain have also been attributed to primary central nervous system hyperactivity. We assessed this possibility in a study using recent neurophysiological techniques. From among outpatients whose diagnosis of temporomandib...

Previous work has demonstrated that layer V pyramidal cells of primary auditory cortex project directly to the cochlear nucleus. The postsynaptic targets of these centrifugal projections, however, are not known. For the present study, biotinylated dextran amine, an anterograde tracer, was injected into the auditory cortex of rats, and labeled terminals were examined with light and electron micr...

antibiotics are the best known products of actinomycete. over 5,000 antibiotics have been identified from the cultures of gram positive and gram-negative organisms, and filamentous fungi, but only about 100 antibiotics have commercially been used to treat human, animal and plant diseases. the genus, streptomycete, is responsible for the formation of more than 60% of known antibiotics. bacterial...

background uropathogenic escherichia coli (upec) is a causative agent of most of urinary tract infections (utis), which expresses a multitude of virulence factors. objectives the aim of this study was to investigate virulence associated characteristics characteristics in upec isolates derived from urine specimens, and to investigate the distribution of the pathogenicity islands virulence marker...

conclusions the pediatric patients undergoing general anesthesia with lma with intravenous lidocaine experienced fewer incidence of postoperative cough compared to the ones in the topical lidocaine group. results one hundred and twenty four patients fulfilled the trial. cough (primary outcome) was significantly more frequent among those with topical compared with intravenous lidocaine (46% vs. ...

conclusions the simultaneous detection of e. faecalis in a patient’s gastrointestinal and urine tracts can indicate the presence of uropathogenic enterococcus. further study is essential to identify virulence factors involved in the colonization of these isolates in the urinary tract. background urinary tract infection (uti) is one of the most common bacterial infections in outpatient settings....

background: urinary tract infection (uti) is one of the most  common infections seen in all age and both sex groups which frequently occur among adolescent and young women. utis are the second most common cause of emergency department attendance for adolescents. considering the importance of promoting preventive behaviors of uti, we aimed to evaluate the effect of peer education based on health...