Sperm competition theory predicts that with increase in sperm competition, males either invest more in reproductive organ(s) and/or improve ejaculate investment. We test this idea using experimental evolution in Drosophila melanogaster. We maintained replicate populations of Drosophila melanogaster under male (M) and female (F) biased sex ratio regimes for more than a hundred generations with t...

crown ethers 12-crown-4 (12c4), benzo-15-crown-5 (b15c5), 18-crown-6 (18c6), nitrobenzo-18-crown-6 (nb18c6) dibenzo-18-crown-6 (db18c6) and dicyclohexyl-18-crown-6 (dc18c6), dissolved in dichloromethane, are able to form oxonium-ion complexes in contact with aqueous sulfuric and hydrochloric acid solutions. this ability allows the transfer of cr(vi) oxanions from the acid media, through an orga...

Height to crown base (HCB) of a tree is an important variable often included as a predictor in various forest models that serve as the fundamental tools for decision-making in forestry. We developed spatially explicit and spatially inexplicit mixed-effects HCB models using measurements from a total 19,404 trees of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) o...

As competition abounds, the efficient solution on inventory control of a DRP’s (Distribution Requirement Planning) supply chain management is a vital success factor for companies in today’s business world. A stochastic program of market distribution and its deterministic equivalent control program is approximated by a multi-echelon lot-sizing model based on ‘‘risk inflated effective demands”. T...

A jointed rock mass presents a more complex design problem than the other rock masses. The complexity arises from the number (greater than two) of joint sets which define the degree of discontinuity of medium.  The condition that arises in these types of rock masses is the generation of discrete rock blocks, of various geometries. They defined by the natural fracture surfaces and the excavation...

Treatment of 3,5-diisopropyltriazole, 3,5-diphenyltriazole, 3,5-di-3-pyridyltriazole, phenyltetrazole, pyrrolidinyltetrazole, or tert-butyltetrazole with equimolar quantities of potassium hydride and 18-crown-6 in tetrahydrofuran at ambient temperature led to slow hydrogen evolution and formation of (3,5-diisopropyl-1,2,4-triazolato)(18-crown-6)potassium (88%), (3,5-diphenyl-1,2,4-triazolato)(t...

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2016.01.005 0003-3472/ Crown Copyright © 2016 Published on be license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Same-sex sexual behaviour (SSB) is widespread across taxa. One adaptive hypothesis to explain the occurrence and maintenance of SSB is that it acts to intensify or diminish aggression by providing males with a means to reinforce or resolve domi...

The aim of this study was to determine the periapical healing rate and complications arising from non-surgical root canal treatment (NSRCT) conducted through existing retained restoration, compared that after removal restoration (direct or indirect) with subsequent placement a new crown. Two-hundred-and-forty-five teeth met inclusion criteria were followed up for 2 years. One-hundred-and-six ha...

Figure 13: A climbing plant growing on the tree from the previous figure is above a threshold Nmin. If these conditions are not satisfied, production p11 removes (sheds) the branch from the tree using the cut symbol %. Simulations. The competition for light between tree branches is manifested by two phenomena: reduced branching or dormancy Figure 14: A model of deciduous trees competing for lig...