some criteria of density in beech saplings were studied in various forest associations (mainly galio odorati-fagetum typicum) growing in the submontane region near zurich (swiss central plateau). the sample plots were established in regeneration gaps resulting from swiss irregular shelter wood system (femelschlag). five sample plots, each 2x2m in 3 transects (a total of 15 plots in each gap, x ...

Some criteria of density in beech saplings were studied in various forest associations (mainly Galio odorati-Fagetum typicum) growing in the submontane region near Zurich (Swiss Central Plateau). The sample plots were established in regeneration gaps resulting from Swiss irregular shelter wood system (Femelschlag). Five sample plots, each 2x2m in 3 transects (a total of 15 plots in each gap, x...

The ratio of live crown length to tree height (crown ratio; CR) is often used as an important predictor variable for tree level growth equations, particularly for multi-species and multi-layered stands. Also, CR indicates tree vigour and can be an important habitat variable. Measurement of CR for each tree can be time-consuming and difficult to obtain in very dense stands and for very tall tree...

Tree canopy structure is an important factor in forest fire, plant physiology, and tree competition. Quantifying the tree canopy structures is difficult due to the irregular shapes and spacing of the trees. Our method for estimating the canopy structure is based on Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) data. LIDAR has three-dimensional point distribution which allows us to ascertain the shape of ...

A procedure is described for incorporating stand age, or stage in development, into the widely used stocking guides based on the crown competition factor (CCF). A simple model that predicts dbh of individual trees from crown projection area and total height is derived from a three-dimensional relationship between cumulative foliage production (crown volume) and total volume of the main stem. Pr...

A (p, q) graph G is called edge-magic if there exists a bijective function f : V (G) ∪ E(G) → {1, 2, . . . , p + q} such that f(u) + f(v) + f(uv) is constant for any edge uv of G. Moreover, G is said to be super edgemagic if f(V (G)) = {1, 2, . . . , p}. Every super edge-magic (p, q) graph is harmonious, sequential and felicitous whenever it is a tree or satisfies q ≥ p. In this paper, we prove...

Tree species differ from one another in, and display trade-offs among, a wide range of attributes, including canopy and understorey growth and mortality rates, fecundity, height and crown allometry, and crown transmissivity. But how does this variation affect the outcome of interspecific competition and hence community structure? We derive criteria for the outcome of competition among tree spec...

Crown profile models were developed for north, east, south, and west crown directions of dominant trees, intermediate trees, and suppressed trees in planted stands of Larix olgensis Henry in Northeast China. A total of 139 sample trees were randomly selected, and all branches of each tree were measured. A segmented power equation, segmented polynomial equation, modified Weibull equation, and Ko...

Competition among free branches in the tree canopy is an important factor influencing branch length growth. Therefore, there a need to quantify this competition and understand impact of regression technique on predictive accuracy growth (GFBL) model Larix principis-rupprechtii plantation. This study focused L. plantation Saihanba Mechanized Forest Farm. Five indices based 2176-branch data point...