Despite the massive improvements in technology the goal of having accurate, anonymous and voter-verifiable elections has not yet been realized. The existing electronic voting schemes that provide secret voter-verifiable receipts are based on ‘classical’ mix-nets. These mix-nets approaches do not scale well and are designed to provide a fixed degree of anonymity which cannot be increased by the ...

Today we are witnessing the rapid development of laser industry. Laser sources with new wavelengths, higher powers and energies, different modes operation (generation pulses), as well various applications in industry, medicine, environmental protection etc. emerging. This requires physical methods principles for accurate measurement power, energy, other parameters sources. In types technologica...

OBJECTIVES The aims of this study were to: (1) determine the validity and reliability of the Nova Biomedical Lactate Plus portable analyzer, and quantify any fixed or proportional bias; (2) determine the effect of any bias on the determination of the lactate threshold and (3) determine the effect that blood sampling methods have on validity and reliability. DESIGN In this method comparison st...

NASA has invested a great deal of resources into the development of various instruments for in situ analysis of extraterrestrial bodies. As a result, there currently exists a wealth of instrumentation suitable for detailed in situ analytical investigation. One common characteristic among many of these instruments is that they require extensive sample handling in order to extract and ionize atom...

Background: Despite progression of knowledge of nursing researcher about importance of psychometric principles of instruments of studies but it seems that this subject is not used correctly in nursing studies. This study is designed to critically assess the validity and reliability of instruments applied in studies published in Iranian nursing journals Methods: This study is a critical review o...

This paper gives a test of overidentifying restrictions that is robust to many instruments and heteroskedasticity. It is based on a jackknife version of the overidentifying test statistic. Correct asymptotic critical values are derived for this statistic when the number of instruments grows large, at a rate up to the sample size. It is also shown that the test is valid when the number instrumen...

This paper is Part II of a series of articles on Terahertz heterodyne imaging. In Part I introductory information and techniques were presented. In this paper the authors describe four different types of heterodyne imaging instruments that have been established at their facilities. In Part III (to appear in a future issue of this journal) selected applications of these instruments are discussed.