Using the method of linearly independent polynomials, we derive an upper bound for cardinality a spherical s-distance set $${\mathcal F}$$ where sum distinct inner products any two elements from is zero. Our result generalizes well-known Gerzon’s equiangular to significantly broader class sets.

In this paper, an evolutionary clustering technique is described that uses a point symmetry based distance measure. The algorithm is therefore able to detect both convex and non-convex clusters. Kd-tree based nearest neighbor search is used to reduce the complexity of finding the closest symmetric point. The proposed GA with point symmetry distance based (GAPS) clustering technique is compared ...

extremely low frequency (elf) electromagnetic field (elf-emfs) are widely employed in electrical appliances and different equipment such as television sets, elf-emfs can  affect biological systems by increasing production  ros. the altered balance between ros generation and elimination plays a critical role in a variety of pathologic conditions. ros levels have been observed in several hematopo...

K-means algorithm is a very popular clustering algorithm which is famous for its simplicity. Distance measure plays a very important rule on the performance of this algorithm. We have different distance measure techniques available. But choosing a proper technique for distance calculation is totally dependent on the type of the data that we are going to cluster. In this paper an experimental st...

The technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) is a method based on the ideal solutions in which the most desirable alternative should have the shortest distance from positive ideal solution and the longest distance from negative ideal solution. Depending on type of evaluations or method of ranking, different approaches have been proposing to calculate distances ...

Heterotachy is a general term to describe positions that evolve at different rates in different lineages. Heterotachy also can generally be viewed as multivariate rates-across-sites variation, which can be described as randomly drawing rates (or branch lengths) from a multivariate distribution for each branch at each site (Wu J, Susko E. 2009. General heterotachy and distance method adjustments...