Introduction: The most common type of velopharyngeal valve (VPV) closure is a matter of controversy.The aim of this study was to estimate the most common type of VPV closure, including identification of the type and grade of VPV closure among Egyptian children.  Materials and Methods: This study included patients who were candidates for adenotonsillectomy. In these cases, video-nasoendoscopy an...

Case report. A 14-year-old schoolboy was bitten by an Alsatian dog, sustaining a puncture wound over the dorsal surface ofthe terminal interphalangealjoint of the right little finger. Primary closure of the wound was performed without wound toilet and no antibiotics were given. One week later the wound was infected and flucloxacillin was prescribed. He continued to have considerable pain, swell...

In this paper, the notion of closure operators of matroids  is generalized to fuzzy setting  which is called $M$-fuzzifying closure operators, and some properties of $M$-fuzzifying closure operators are discussed. The $M$-fuzzifying matroid induced by an $M$-fuzzifying closure operator can induce an $M$-fuzzifying closure operator. Finally, the characterizations of $M$-fuzzifying acyclic matroi...