Background: Narcotic abuse and addiction have recently emerged as significant global issues. The consumption of dependence-inducing substances has become increasingly prevalent among younger generations in numerous countries, exacerbating the problem. Until 2015, South Korea had been relatively narcotic-free; however, this is no longer true. Consequently, encountering narcotic abusers clinical ...

Background: Addiction is a global public health problem, with over 36 million people suffering from drug-use disorders. Afghanistan, the world’s leading opium producer, has high rates of drug use owing to easy access drugs in this country. This study aimed investigate users’ quality life Herat, and identify factors affecting it. Methods: cross-sectional examined health-related at six rehabilita...

Given what is known about the extent of the drug abuse and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemics (ch. 2), the next logical question is whether the drug treatment system in the United States has the capacity and flexibility to meet the demand for treatment. Data limitations on the capacity, need for, and cost of treatment services are an impediment to answering this question and to more a...

We compared temporal and probability discounting of a nonconsumable reward (money) and three directly consumable rewards (candy, soda, and beer). When rewards were delayed, monetary rewards were discounted less steeply than directly consumable rewards, all three of which were discounted at equivalent rates. When rewards were probabilistic, however, there was no difference between the discountin...