The purpose of this study was to assess exposure to drinking water fluoride and evaluate the risk of dental fluorosis among the Estonian population. The study covered all 15 counties in Estonia and 93.7% of population that has access to public water supplies. In Estonia groundwater is the main source for public water supply systems in most towns and rural settlements. The content of natural flu...

As of 2010, it is estimated that 10.5 million people live along the trans -national Rio Grande (RGV) with 83% of the population residing in Mexico and several of the fastest growing cities in the U.S. (SandovalSolis et al., 2013). Historically, agricultural irrigation has been the largest water consumer for each country accounting for 86% of total consumption (Sandoval-Solis et al., 2013). Urba...

Abstract: Groundwater shortage has become a very serious problem in Sanjiang Plain. More and more so-called “funnels” and “hanging pumps” situations occurred due to water shortages. The overall trend of groundwater level has decreased continually over the years. In this study, the Chuang Ye Farm in Jian San Jiang Department was taken as an example to develop a non-stable time series random mode...

BACKGROUND Previous studies have described drug shortages; however, there has been no comprehensive evaluation focusing on US antibacterial shortages. METHODS Drug shortage data from the University of Utah Drug Information Service database were analyzed, with a focus on antibacterial agents from 2001 to 2013. We used descriptive statistics to describe trends in drug shortages, analyze drug cl...

There is a school of thought that future demand for meat and other farm animal products is unsustainable for several reasons, including greenhouse gas emissions, especially from ruminants; standards of farm animal health and welfare, especially when farm animals are kept intensively; efficiency of conversion by livestock of solar energy into (human) food, particularly by pigs and poultry; water...

Abstract Socially vulnerable populations in the United States are bearing highest costs of water scarcity, which is likely to worsen with climate change, population growth, and growing disparities between areas high demand location available supplies. Prior research showing that socially groups inequitably exposed shortages has focused on singular dimensions social vulnerability, typically rela...

BACKGROUND Scientific evidence shows that climate change is very likely the product of human behaviour and lifestyle. The effects of climate change on human health are diverse in nature and range from direct effects due to extreme weather events such as heat waves, floods and storms, to indirect effects such as those caused by water and food shortages. METHODS A telephone survey was conducted...