This paper studies the aggregate dynamics of durable and nondurable consumption under sticky information diffusion (SID) due to noisy observations and slow learning within the permanent income framework. We show that SID can significantly improve the model’s predictions on the joint behavior of income, durable, and nondurable consumption at the aggregate level. Specifically, we find that SID ca...

It has been recognized that when a durable goods manufacturer sells her output, she has an incentive to produce at a rate that will drive down the market price of her product over time. Because anticipation of declining prices makes consumers less willing to invest in owning the durable good, selling can be self-defeating for the manufacturer. If instead, the manufacturer leases her product, sh...

Purpose – The effects of social learning and network externalities in the diffusion of a new product imply that there should be local spillovers from existing owners to new adopters in a closely-related community. Using the 1999 durable consumption survey data in rural China, this paper examines the importance of local spillovers in the diffusion of two major durable goods, washing machine and ...

from 60 decade  sustainability issues  and sustainable developing  have opened a way in scientific meetings associated with  environment and urbanization and architecture. sustainability goals are improving of environment situation , less pollution  and at least interference on  land and interaction of  natural and artificial environment , that most of these cases attracted attention in archite...

Hospitals are large and complex structures that provide 24-hour healthcare. These structures, where many different functions combined, constantly changing developing with innovations in health, technique, economy. With the technological developments world, population growth, desire to live healthier longer, hospital reshaped. best define changes made programming according user needs. In order f...

the critique of architecture has always followed architects and those involved in this field and is in fact quite indispensable from it. therefore before going around asking why it is so, it seems appropriate to ask ourselves the how. conceding to the fact that the ultimate goal in the critique of architecture is to discover a specific style with which to think about architecture, the main ques...

According to Architecture curriculum, the History of Islamic Architecture Introduction is the only course in architecture curriculum in Architecture Faculties that is about Islamic architecture. The overall objectives of the course are: familiarity with the concept of Islamic architecture, understanding spatial characteristics and special qualities of this type of architecture, being familiar w...

This paper seeks to investigate a new definition for architecture by unifying the three Vitruvian principles of firmitas, utilities, and venustas via a phenomenological approach in the interpretation and analysis of their role in defining architecture. The paper is composed in two main sections. The first section investigates the nature of architecture based on the mentioned principles, where a...