In 2005, over half of the rural population in El Salvador was living on less than U.S. $2 dollars per day (Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo 2003: 42). The harsh reality of economic subsistence obligates children in El Salvador to contribute to their family’s survival. Employers providing this frail economic lifeline inevitably acquire control over the children. This economic c...

Were the new economic geography forces for industry agglomeration and dispersion at work in the movement of industry in pre-1931 Britain where transport costs were falling? This paper examines the issue empirically using a general model that nests the Heckscher-Ohlin factor endowment with new economic geography models. The evidence suggests that while the location of pre-1931 British industry w...

The challenges of the new millennium and specific properties of knowledge require a new understanding of knowledge. Author’s approach to knowledge is based on three mutually related aspects. From the aspect of substance, the author understands knowledge as a set of experiences where information, based on rational combination is classified into patterns of thought through cognitive processes. Th...

This paper counters proponents of the Ôweightless economyÕ who have suggested the Ôdeath of distanceÕ in relation to economic and social activities that use the worldwide web (WWW). An analysis of new media developers in New YorkÕs ÔSilicon AlleyÕ demonstrates that place and distance are still important. The most important aspect of this co-location is the possibility of social interaction. Thi...

The gap between the world's rich and poor countries largely comes down to the financial and physical assets that create wealth. Developed economies possess more of this capital than developing ones, and what they have usually incorporates more advanced technologies. The implication is clear: A key aspect of economic advancement lies in poorer nations' capacity to acquire more capital and scale ...

This paper discusses how economic ethics can profit from taking into account the results of behavioral economics. In contrast to the neo-classical mainstream of economics, behavioral economics does not presuppose the model of ‘economic man’, but explores the ways in which real human beings make economic decisions. The example of akrasia and its effects on old-age saving shows that behavioral ec...

in order to determine optimum landuses (in accordance with natural capability) and improve the current land management, landuse planning process was applied by using gis. within the framework of system analysis approach basic ecological and socio-economic , data were mapped. the mapped data were digitized and imported to idrisi and arc/info to build a database ,along with other descriptive data...

In both developing and developed countries, health ministries closely examine use of so-called nudges to promote population health and welfare. Cass Sunstein and Richard Thaler, who developed the concept, define a nudge as “any aspect of the choice architecture that alters people’s behavior in a predictable way without forbidding any options or significantly changing their economic incentives. ...

The paper presents an approach for orchestrating validation of project results from different perspectives by using visual modelling techniques. The context for the paper is the FP6 project MAPPER. Validation in MAPPER covers economic, socio-technical and technical viewpoints. The economic viewpoint mainly focuses on business value and coherence with business drivers like reduced lifecycle time...