BACKGROUND To estimate the economic loss due to road traffic injuries (RTIs) of the World Health Organization (WHO) member countries and to explore the relationship between the economic loss and relevant health system factors. METHODS Data from the World Bank and the WHO were applied to set up the databases. Disability-adjusted life year (DALY) and gross domestic product per capita were used ...

transaction cost economics (tce), as a subset of new institutional economics (nie), is the combination of economics, organization and law. noble prize in 2009 was dedicated to oliver williamson who was the most popular face in the economics as tce main contributor. in tce, the main issues on the one hand is how institutions follow characteristics of transactions, on the other hand, the making o...

This research study aims to determine: 1) The implementation of student problem-based learning in economics class X Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 1 Pontianak. 2) the ability think critically students Economics 3) effect model on students' critical thinking MAN uses quantitative methods collect information through polls or questionnaires, documentation. results this paper show Pontianak with a percenta...

computable general equilibrium models are known as a powerful instrument in economic analyses and widely have been used in order to evaluate trade liberalization effects. the purpose of this study was to provide the impacts of trade openness on pharmaceutical industry using cge model.using a computable general equilibrium model in this study, the effects of decrease in tariffs as a symbol of tr...

Estimates of neighborhood effects on children's outcomes vary widely among the studies that seek to identify their existence and magnitude, reflecting substantial variation in data and model specification. Here, we review that literature, and ask if the disparity in estimates of neighborhood effects may reflect the differences among studies in the specification of family characteristics, and he...

This paper considers the nonparametric regression model with an additive error that is dependent on the explanatory variables. As is common in empirical studies in epidemiology and economics, it also supposes that valid instrumental variables are observed. A classical example in microeconomics considers the consumer demand function as a function of the price of goods and the income, both variab...

Let f be a finite variance function of d independent input variables. Sobol’ indices are used to measure the importance of input variables and subsets of them. They are based on a variance decomposition. A similar problem arises in economics, when the value produced through the joint efforts of a team is to be attributed to individual members of that team. The Shapley value is widely used to so...

Missing values occur in studies of various disciplines such as social sciences, medicine, and economics. The missing mechanism in these studies should be investigated more carefully. In this article, some models, proposed in the literature on longitudinal data with dropout are reviewed and compared. In an applied example it is shown that the selection model of Hausman and Wise (1979, Econometri...