This study investigated the impact of transformative instructional approach in speaking on EFL learners' motivations to speak. To this end, a total 62 English as foreign language (EFL) male and female learner institute Iran participated study. The took over period two months classroom setting. Participants were exposed their motivation was investigate following relevant practices. adopted mixed...

Learner autonomy (henceforth LA) has become a buzz word in education in general and language education, in particular, for more than a decade now. Focusing on investigating Iranian EFL teachers’ conceptions of LA, the current study, taking a mixed method approach, attempted to illustrate how Iranian EFL teachers’ conceptions of leaner autonomy mapped out. To that end, 7 teachers, purposefully c...

Learner autonomy has been described as the ultimate objective in many language teaching programs since the third quarter of the twentieth century and educators have highlighted the significant role of promoting learner autonomy in the process of language learning and teaching. However, only limited number of studies has been awarded to what leaner autonomy mean to teachers. This study addressed...

Learner autonomy has been considered the central aim of education because its significant role in enabling students to develop into successful lifelong learners. In modern times, have many opportunities learn outside classroom, ideal context for learner development. Therefore, research about development out-of-class learning needs receive more focus, especially Vietnam. Based on sociocultural t...

Elderly people commonly suffer from dyspnoea, which may stem from expiratory flow limitation (EFL). The relationship between EFL, as assessed by the negative expiratory pressure method and spirometric indices, was investigated in an elderly French population. Subjects, aged 66-88 yrs, filled in socio-demographic and standardised questionnaires, which dealt with: medical history, smoking status ...