Activity of the biceps brachii and of the lateral head of the triceps brachii was recorded in cats during contact placing reaction evoked by tactile stimulation of the dorsum of the forepaw. Chronically implanted electrodes were used for this purpose. Two patterns of responses were observed. In the first pattern the two muscles were activated alternately while in the second pattern they were co...

During sustained maximal voluntary contractions (MVCs), most fatigue occurs within the muscle, but some occurs because voluntary activation of the muscle declines (central fatigue), and some of this reflects suboptimal output from the motor cortex (supraspinal fatigue). This study examines whether supraspinal fatigue occurs during a sustained submaximal contraction of 5% MVC. Eight subjects sus...

During multijoint limb movements such as reaching, rotational forces arise at one joint due to the motions of limb segments about other joints. We report the results of three experiments in which we assessed the extent to which control signals to muscles are adjusted to counteract these "interaction torques." Human subjects performed single- and multijoint pointing movements involving shoulder ...

The purpose of this work was to register the electromyography data of the muscles brachialis, biceps brachii long portion, biceps brachii short portion and brachioradialis in the movements of elbow flexion, in the "Larry Scott" bench, in supination and pronation positions, in weightlifting trained subjects. Ten male right-handed subjects were selected, with at least one-year experience in weigh...

The function of the elbow is to be subservient to the hand in the sense that the elbow enables the hand and fingers to be placed at desired distances from the body. Two types of motion are required to position the hand. The first, and principal one, is the shortening and lengthening of the distance the hand is positioned from the body. The hand may be brought out at full arm's length, as when t...

The gait of normal subjects was examined electromyographically and the pattern was altered during preferential blockade of large nerve fibres to alternating activity in flexor and extensor muscles. The EMG activity was disrupted more in flexor than extensor muscles by preferential ischaemic blockade. Normal gait was associated with flexor contraction only when the foot was lifted and placed on ...

During object manipulation, grip force is coordinated with load force, which is primarily determined by object kinematics. Proximal arm kinematics may affect grip force control, as proximal segment motion could affect control of distal hand muscles via biomechanical and/or neural pathways. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of proximal kinematics on grip force modulation during...

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to identify the imbalance of muscle recruitment in cervical flexor muscles during the craniocervical flexion test by using ultrasonography and to propose the optimal level of pressure in clinical craniocervical flexion exercise for people with neck pain. [Subjects and Methods] A total of 18 students (9 males and 9 females) with neck pain at D University i...