7-Azaindoles are versatile building blocks, especially in medicinal chemistry, where they serve as bioisosteres of indoles or purines. Herein, we are presenting a robust and flexible synthesis of 1,3- and 1,3,6-substituted 7-azaindoles starting from nicotinic acid derivatives or 2,6-dichloropyridine, respectively. Microwave heating dramatically accelerates the penultimate reaction step, an epox...

Derivatives of salarin A, salarin C and tulearin A, three new cytotoxic sponge derived nitrogenous macrolides, were prepared and bio-evaluated as inhibitors of K562 leukemia cells. Interesting preliminary SAR (structure activity relationship) information was obtained from the products. The most sensitive functionalities were the 16,17-vinyl epoxide in both salarins, the triacylamino group in sa...

Three new cembranoids, culobophylins A-C (1-3), along with two known compounds (4 and 5) were isolated from the cultured soft coral Lobophytum crassum. The structures of these compounds were elucidated on the basis of their spectroscopic data and comparison of the NMR data with those of known analogues. Among these metabolites, 2 is rarely found in cembranoids possessing an isopropyl moiety wit...

(70% of theory) and >90% ee, as determined by NMR analysis of the derived ( + )-MTPA ester.5) Protection of (-)-6 by TBSC1 and imidazole afforded (-)-7f in 71% yield. Stereospecific alkylation of epoxide (-)-7 with phenylmagnesium bromide in the presence of Cul afforded the (-)-8f in 75% yield. Moffat oxidation (DCC, TFA, pyridine, DMSO, benzene) of (-)-8 furnished (-)-9t (88%). Finally, remova...

The complex [RuCp*(C-NH(2))(py)]PF(6) bearing a chelating N-heterocyclic carbene with an NH(2) group (C-NH(2)) is an active catalyst for the H(2)-hydrogenation of ketones, an epoxide, ester and ketimine in basic solution. A maximum turnover frequency of 17,600 h(-1) is achieved under mild reaction conditions (25 °C) and economical use of hydrogen (8 bar) while the TOF of a related complex with ...

Screening approaches to probe molecules for drug discovery require access to high-quality, small-molecule libraries. One contemporary challenge in providing such access is the construction of libraries that maximize the coverage of chemical (functional group), stereochemical, and spatial diversity in a given chemotype. Although the problem of functional group diversity has been addressed since ...

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are significant environmental pollutants representing an important risk factor in human cancers. DNA adducts formed by the ultimate carcinogens of PAHs are potentially toxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic. DNA repair represents an important defense system against these genotoxic insults. Using a human cell-free system we have examined repair of DNA lesions i...

Hepatic Microsomal Epoxidation of Bromobenzene to Phenols and Its Toxicological Implication. LAU, S. S. AND ZANNONI, V. G. (1979). Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 50, 309318. In vitro microsomal hepatic epoxidation of bromobenzene in rats and mice is presented in this study. Formation of o-bromophenol via bromobenzene-2,3-epoxide and p-bromophenol via bromobenzene-3,4-epoxide was assayed enzymaticall...

The pioneering work of Gerry Brooks on cyclodiene insecticides led to the discovery of a class of enzymes known as epoxide hydrolases. The results from four decades of work confirm Brooks' first observations that the microsomal epoxide hydrolase is important in foreign compound metabolism. Brooks and associates went on to be the first to carry out a systematic study of the inhibition of this en...

The interaction of dibenz[a,h]anthracene and its ultimate carcinogenic 3,4-diol-1,2-epoxide with lung surfactant phospholipid bilayers was successfully performed using molecular dynamics. The DPPC/DPPG/cholesterol bilayer (64 : 64 : 2) was used as the lung surfactant phospholipid bilayer model and compared with the DPPC bilayer as a reference. Dibenz[a,h]anthracene and its 3,4-diol-1,2-epoxide ...