Abstract When generally applicable rules clash with one’s cultural, religious or moral commitments, should exemptions be granted? The debate on raises the question both of what it means to treat people equally and protect diversity adequately. objective this paper is defend no-exemption argument make a more attractive position for liberals. I first argue that violate principle equal treatment b...

Requiring immunization for school attendance greatly reduced morbidity and mortality in children over the past seven decades but is now highly controversial. This two-part exercise on the implementation of a "personal belief" exemption allows students to examine constitutional questions as well as legislation and regulations as they affect public health and school officials.

SUMMARY BACKGROUND The Government of Ghana's fee exemption policy for delivery care introduced in September 2003, aimed at reducing financial barriers to using maternal services. This policy also aimed to increase the rate of skilled attendance at delivery, reduce maternal and perinatal mortality rates and contribute to reducing poverty. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the economic outcomes of the poli...

BACKGROUND The Surgical Care Improvement Project (SCIP) Inf-9 guideline promotes removal of indwelling urinary catheters (IUCs) within 48 hours of surgery. OBJECTIVES To determine whether a correlation exists between SCIP Inf-9 compliance and postoperative urinary tract infection (UTI) rates and whether an association exists between UTI rates and SCIP Inf-9 exemption status. DESIGN Retrospect...

There is an acknowledged gap in the literature on the impact of fee exemption policies on health staff, and, conversely, the implications of staffing for fee exemption. This article draws from five research tools used to analyse changing health worker policies and incentives in post-war Sierra Leone to document the effects of the Free Health Care Initiative (FHCI) of 2010 on health workers.Data...

Lurie and colleagues’ comparison of FDA letters not approving applications for new drugs and associated public announcements from sponsors provides a valuable but rare peek behind the Food andDrugAdministration’s “iron curtain.” The discussion section begins, “our analysis found that the FDA’s reasons for not approving marketing applications for new molecular entities are not being fully convey...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Physicians dismissing families who refuse vaccines from their practices is controversial. We assessed the following among pediatricians (Peds) and family physicians (FPs): (1) reported prevalence of parental refusal of 1 or more vaccines in the infant series; (2) physician response to refusal; and (3) the association between often/always dismissing families and provide...

BACKGROUND This study evaluated the effects on healthcare access inequities of an intervention exempting children under 5 years from user fees in Burkina Faso. METHODS The design consisted of two complementary studies. The first was an interrupted time series (56 months before and 12 months after) study of daily curative consultations according to distance (<5, 5-9 and ≥10 km) in a stratified...

The Queensland Aboriginals Protection and Restriction of the Sale Opium Act 1897, which introduced system exemption certificates, also initiated another form “exemption” — one based on employment. permitted “lawfully employed” Aboriginal people to be “excepted” from forcible removal reserves. Those placed an reserve faced a restrictive life disconnection Country, kin networks, traditional pract...