male labor-force participation rate after age 20 reflects in part the progressive increase up to about age 35 in the proportion of married women in the female population. The rate for single women remains relatively high at all ages. The extent to which women stay in the labor market is affected also by home responsibilities. In April 1948, married women with no children under age 18 were almos...

This paper investigates the issue of child labor in the context of land reforms in transition economies, using farm household data from the Republic of Georgia. The results show that an increase in landholdings as an outcome of the land reform can, in the presence of market imperfections, lead to an increase in child labor. This is because the increased demand for labor on the family farm is st...

The Hamman syndrome, pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema complicating labor and delivery, is infrequently encountered in clinical practice. The prevalence estimates have ranged from 1 in 2000 pregnancies to 1 in 100,000 pregnancies. One hundred ninety-two cases have been reported in the medical literature to date. l Reeder,2 in a review of 187 cases, found that most patients with this ...

BACKGROUND Infection and inflammation are important mechanisms leading to preterm birth. Soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (sTREM-1) belongs to a family of cell surface receptors that seems to play an important role in fine-tuning the immune response. It has been demonstrated that sTREM-1 is involved in bacterial infection as well as in non-infectious inflammatory conditi...

Horner's syndrome is rarely reported after epidural analgesia during labor. The use of Top-Up local anesthetic for controlling labor pain in the first stage of labor, or to dense the block in caesarean deliveries can result in this complication. We reported a cases of Horner's syndrome during epidural analgesia in labor in spite of not giving any Top-Up dose. The case was clinically evident and...

Using data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing study and Current Population Surveys, we find that labor market conditions play a large role in explaining the positive relationship between educational attainment and marriage. Our results suggest that if low-educated parents faced the same (stronger) labor market conditions as their more-educated counterparts, then differences in marria...

Credit constraints and a need to invest in host country-specific human capital may lead immigrant couples to adopt a family investment strategy. Researchers attempting to evaluate this family investment hypothesis, however, face severe data limitations, because standard data sources often identify the foreign born, but typically provide no information about the migrating unit or the immigration...

The postpartum period is a critical time to address high unmet family planning need and to reduce the risks of closely spaced pregnancies. Practical tools are included in the new resource for integrating postpartum family planning at points when women have frequent health system contact, including during antenatal care, labor and delivery, postnatal care, immunization, and child health care.

Improving working conditions in agriculture is of great concern throughout the world. Just as other industries, many young farm workers prefer to work salaried employees, which has brought attention non-family farms providers employment opportunities. However, presence a strong need flexibly respond weather, there still difficulty regarding whether workplaces without overworking can exist. This...