In 1920, John Watson and Rosalie Rayner claimed to have conditioned a baby boy, Albert, to fear a laboratory rat. In subsequent tests, they reported that the child's fear generalized to other furry objects. After the last testing session, Albert disappeared, creating one of the greatest mysteries in the history of psychology. This article summarizes the authors' efforts to determine Albert's id...

Fear of childbirth is an important and prevalent problem during pregnancy and delivery. Self-efficacy of childbirth is one of the factors playing an important role in the fear of delivery. This study aimed to determine the relationship between the fear and self-efficacy of childbirth during labor in primipara women. This descriptive and analytical study was conducted on 100 primipara women in O...

Abstract Background Fear of childbirth (FOC) may contribute to postpartum depression, impaired maternal-infant relation, and preference for cesarean in future pregnancies. We aimed investigate predictors FOC normal vaginal birth among women who had planned a birth. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted 2019 with during the first 24 h after A sample 662 women, selected using convenien...

The fear of contagion by COVID-19 in pregnant women and its possible consequences on the emotions, behaviors fears pregnancy has been a subject little approached from labor perspective. purpose this research was to describe relationship establish inference that had mental health working Ecuador. study cross-sectional with correlational scope. A 25-question questionnaire developed applied during...

OBJECTIVE Childbirth is one of the most vulnerable moments and the most important and memorable events in the lives of women that despite of bringing happiness, it can be associated with psychological trauma and endanger the mother and neonate health. Mothers' perception of the psychological birth trauma is a highly subjective process that depends on the cultural, social and biological conditio...

Conflicts between ethnic groups can threaten group survival and exacerbate son preference in conformity with the traditional role of men as defenders. We study impact Armenia-Azerbaijan conflict over Nagorno-Karabakh region on subnational variation sex ratios among children Armenia that has one world’s highest at birth. Difference-in-differences analysis shows communities closer to have higher ...

during the last two decades, extensive researches have been done on body image in adolescents. several psychological factors can affect fear or satisfaction of body image. the present study aims to investigate the role of predicting self-esteem about fear of body image in adolescents emphasizing social anxiety as a mediator variable. the present study is cross-sectional and correlational. the s...