In this chapter, the authors explore social constructivist theories of emotion, which suggest that emotional behaviors are developed through experience, rather than innate. The authors’ approach to artificial emotions follows this paradigm, stemming from a relatively young field called developmental or ‘epigenetic’ robotics. The chapter describes the design and implementation of a robot called ...

W orldwide, an estimated 15 million infants are born too early every year. The number of infants born prematurely has been increasing internationally during the last 10 years, and, fortunately, the progression of medical technology has optimized the survival of extremely preterm infants. Preterm is defined as infants born alive before 37 weeks of pregnancy are completed. There are subcategories...

We investigated the association between indicators of subjective well-being and the personal characteristics, socioeconomic position, and social relationships of a sample of 1,273 English adults with intellectual disabilities. Mean overall happiness with life was 71% of the scale maximum, a figure only marginally lower than typically reported among the general population. Variation in subjectiv...

radiotherapy is one of the most common treatments of cancer that are used alone or with the combination of other treatments. radiotherapy are used before surgery for tumor shrinking, pain relief, wound healing or prevention of continues bleedings. in this paper, types of radiotherapy and safety principles for nurses are considered. there are three basic methods for radiotherapy: teletherapy, br...

ant, in an unusually non-technical way, defines happiness as getting what one wants.1 Also unusual in his ethical writings is a lack of discussion on happiness, since one typically thinks of ethics as being inextricably linked to happiness. Kant does not discuss happiness much because happiness is not the basis of his system of ethics, in contrast to most ethical theories which make happiness t...

Introduction Therapeutic horticulture (TH) can be considered a non-pharmacological approach to support psychiatric treatments for the improvement of physical and mental health, but information is lacking on whether it has advantages as compared more conventional occupational therapies (OTs). Method The study focused institutionalized 25 clients attending TH among other OTs 15 OT than TH. measur...

Pursuing happiness can paradoxically impair well-being. Here, the authors propose the potential down-sides to pursuing happiness may be specific to individualistic cultures. In collectivistic (vs. individual-istic) cultures, pursuing happiness may be more successful because happiness is viewed—and thus pursued—in relatively socially engaged ways. In 4 geographical regions that vary in level of ...