In the coastal countries of East Asia and Southeast Asia, ciguatera should be common because of the extensive tropical and subtropical coral reefs along the coasts and in the neighboring seas with ciguatoxic fishes. An extensive search of journal databases, the Internet and the government websites was performed to identify all reports of ciguatera from the regions. Based on the official data an...

Background: Botulism is caused by a neurotoxin produced from the anaerobic, spore forming Bacterium clostridium. Food-borne botulism is one of the dangerous forms of food poisoning in the world. The purpose of this study was to survey some clinical presentations and laboratory findings in patients suspected with botulism toxicity that had received anti-botulism. Methods: This descriptive-retr...

married couple in their late 50s trav-eled to Costa Rica on vacation. They both dined frequently on local fish. While in the country , they developed nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, with up to 10 bowel movements per day. These symptoms were followed by tingling of the extremities and a sensation of " pricking by pins and needles " that was exacerbated by the movement of air over the skin. In ad...

This article reports the organ distribution and bioaccumulation of hepatotoxic microcystins (MCs) in freshwater fishes at different trophic levels from the large, shallow, eutrophic Lake Chaohu in September 2003, when there were heavy surface blooms of toxic cyanobacteria. Among all fish, intestines and blood had the highest average content of MC-RR + MC-LR (22.0 and 14.5 microg g(-1) DW, respe...

In the United States of America, seafood ranked third on the list of products which caused foodborne disease between 1983 and 1992. Outbreaks connected with fish vectors were caused by scombroid, ciguatoxin, bacteria and unknown agents; in shellfish, unknown agents, paralytic shellfish poisoning, Vibrio spp. and other bacteria, followed by hepatitis A virus, were responsible for the outbreaks. ...

Ciguatera Poisoning (CP) is the most prevalent, phycotoxin related seafood poisoning across globe, affecting between 10,000 and 50,000 people annually. This illness results from consumption of contaminated with lipid soluble toxins known as ciguatoxins (CTXs) that are produced by benthic dinoflagellates in genera Gambierdiscus Fukuyoa. The present work reviews global occurrence CP events outbre...