An ontology can be seen as a representation of concepts in a specific domain. Accordingly, ontology construction can be regarded as the process of organizing these concepts. If the terms which are used to label the concepts are classified before building an ontology, the work of ontology construction can proceed much more easily. Part-of-speech (PoS) tags usually carry some linguistic informati...

Contemporary feminist scholarship seeks the development of transnational conversations between women in different geopolitical spaces in order to confront the problems of a global age. Yet, if these conversations are predicated on Eurocentric and ahistorical understandings of South/North, first/third world and metropole/colony, feminism risks replicating these dichotomies in the name of a unive...

OWL is recognized as the de facto standard notation for ontology engineering. The Manchester OWL Syntax (MOS) was developed as an alternative to symbolic description logic (DL) and it is believed to be more effective for users. This paper sets out to test that belief from two perspectives by evaluating how accurately and quickly people understand the informational content of axioms and derive i...

Owing to the current turmoil in oil markets, a number of analysts have raised the specter of the world soon running out of oil. This concern emerges periodically in large measure because of the inherent uncertainty of estimates of worldwide reserves. Such episodes of heightened anxiety about pending depletion date back a century and more. But, unlike past concerns, the current situation reflect...

Longitudinal change in five cognitive abilities was investigated to determine if the direction or magnitude of change was related to the individual's ability level. Adults between 18 and 97 years of age performed three versions of 16 cognitive tests on two occasions separated by an average of 2.7 years. In order to control for influences associated with regression toward the mean, level of abil...

Assessing cognitive change in older adults is a common use of neuropsychological services, and neuropsychologists have utilized several strategies to determine if a change is "real," "reliable," and "meaningful." Although standardized regression-based (SRB) prediction formulas may be useful in determining change, SRBs have not been widely applied to older adults. The current study sought to dev...

It is widely recognized that experience with cognitive tests can influence estimates of cognitive change. Prior research has estimated experience effects at the level of groups by comparing the performance of a group of participants tested for the second time with the performance of a different group of participants at the same age tested for the first time. This twice-minus-once-tested method ...

Does personality change across the entire life course, and are those changes due to intrinsic maturation or major life experiences? This longitudinal study investigated changes in the mean levels and rank order of the Big Five personality traits in a heterogeneous sample of 14,718 Germans across all of adulthood. Latent change and latent moderated regression models provided 4 main findings: Fir...

Western Asia has recently become an arena for significant upheavals of various kinds, be it political, safety-related, geopolitical, social, etc. These have in turn focalized the salience of the region as well as its ensuing situation and challenges on a global perspective. Such a naturally-born phenomenon is characterized, amidst other factors, by its transregional quality, granting it some so...

The major factors of insecurity in the East, away from the security of geopolitical area were because of the formation of political management in the nineteenth century colonial style. The security factor in the vast region of the East that encompasses at least three countries of Iran and Afghanistan and Pakistan is very important and highly effective. It reached its peak colonial Anglo-Russian...