Wepresent first-principles simulations of single grain boundary reflectivity of electrons in noble metals, Cu and Ag. We examine twin and non-twin grain boundaries using nonequilibrium Green’s function and first principles methods. We also investigate the determinants of reflectivity in grain boundaries by modeling atomic vacancies, disorder, and orientation and find that both the change in gra...

Single crystals of Al2O3 were reproducibly grown from an MgO-doped polycrystalline precursor. The single crystals were grown through controlled abnormal grain growth at temperatures between 16701 and 19451C. It was observed that CaO impurities segregated to the boundary between the single crystal and the polycrystalline region, and formed a wetting intergranular film. This type of film is requi...

Steel parts fractured during actual use were investigated, and the mechanism of fracture for some them was attributed to hydrogen embrittlement. This article describes a summary observation results by Fracture occurred under tensile stress within elastic limit including residual stress. Most had martensitic microstructure, intergranular surfaces always observed in steels at least on part surfac...

The flag leaf has been traditionally considered as the main contributor to grain nitrogen. However, during the reproductive stage, other organs besides the flag leaf may supply nitrogen to developing grains. Therefore, the contribution of the ear and other organs to the nitrogen supplied to the growing grains remains unclear. It is important to develop phenotypic tools to assess the relative co...

We report the results of plastic deformation experiments on polycrystalline wadsleyite and ringwoodite performed at 15–23 GPa and 1300–2100 K conducted using the rotational Drickamer apparatus (RDA). Wadsleyite was synthesized from fine-grained ( 2 mm) San Carlos olivine in a Kawai-type multianvil apparatus; the average grain size of the resulting wadsleyite was 1.2 mm. The content is variable ...

Changes in dry weights, reduced N, nitrate, and nitrate reductase activity of various plant parts of the above ground vegetation (stover) and ears of field grown maize were measured at intervals between anthesis and grain maturity. Nonstructural carbohydrate contents were also measured in some instances. Changes in dry weight and reduced N content were used to approximate net in situ photosynth...